Objectives of Reconstruction in the years immediately after the Civil Essay

Objectives of Reconstruction in the years immediately after the Civil War - Essay Example the strongest desire to secure to the freedmen the full enjoyment of their freedom and their property and their interdependence and equality in making contracts for their labor† (Johnston, teachingamericanhistory.org). This is the thinking and suggestion of Andrew Johnson. At the same time, Abraham Lincoln had a similar opinion concerning the freedom of men after the civil rights, â€Å"with malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation’s wounds† (Lincoln, teachingamericanhistory.org). According to my view, these three great individuals had similar views in regard to the slaves and the freedmen, though the kind of approach that they had taken was different. Lincoln agitates for peace, while Andrew Johnson rejected a bill passed by the senate and approved by the house of congress. In his explanation, it is quite clear that the details of the bill were not consistent with the people’s welfare; he therefore had to reject it. Given the effort and steps taken by Andrew Johnson towards the establishment of measures that could oversee that the freedmen and the slave got justice, he has been greatly attacked by Sumner Charles, whereby he describes him with many attributes, â€Å"original partisan of slavery North; habitual compromisers of great principles; maligners of the declaration of independence† (â€Å"Charles Sumner opinion,† rug.nl). This description depicts a negative image of the one known for his understanding and good will for the people. Though all these individuals had the same aim, to deliver the slaves from the bondage of suffering, they had different approaches. Abraham Lincoln has described the origin of the civil war and has greatly included God’s involvement in his issues. He eventually urges the people to come together so as to ensure that all slaves get their rights. Andrew Johnson on the other hand is one person

Why the War on Drugs persists Essay Example for Free

Why the War on Drugs persists Essay Clearly the unstated aim of the federal government of the United States of America is the attainment of total control of the Earth, including all its material resources and peoples, by economic, political and military means. The achievement of this requires the expenditure of vast amounts of money over several decades. A major part of this money comes from covert U. S. government trafficking in illegal drugs, primarily the addictive drugs cocaine and heroin. U. S. -sponsored world-wide drug prohibition, a. k. a.the War on Drugs, is primarily a tactic to keep street prices high and profits astronomical, regardless of the huge social and personal damage done. U. S. -sponsored drug prohibition will continue until either the U. S. attains its aim of complete military and political domination of the Earth (which is still some time away, if it ever happens) or the junta which rules the U. S. and which aims at total control is removed from power. Only an alliance of anti-fascist nations, and sustained resistance by people who value their freedom, can prevent the subjugation of the Earth to those intent on controlling and exploiting it. Repeal of the laws, and of the U. S. -imposed international treaties, prohibiting possession and sale of drugs which are presently illegal would remove the enormous profits derived from wholesale illegal drug trafficking and cut off a major source of the money required by the U. S. for the achievement of its aim of total world domination. Obviously the U. S. will never repeal these laws and treaties, so it is up to the other countries of the world to do so, if they value their sovereignty, freedom and cultural tradition. Covert government by defense contractor means corrupt wars of conquest, government by dope dealer. When the worlds traditional inebriative herbs become illegal commodities, they become worth as much as precious metal, precious metal that can be farmed. Illegal drugs, solely because of the artificial value given them by Prohibition, have become the basis of military power anywhere they can be grown and delivered in quantity. To this day American defense contractors are the biggest drug-money launderers in the world. — Drug War: Covert Money, Power and Policy, p. 318. And, of course, the tactics used by one player in the game can be used by others. Not all the poppy fields are funded by the CIA. To some it will seem that with enough money one can buy control of the entire planet. This is no doubt an idea which occurred to some people long ago. But it takes time to achieve such an ambitious goal. Ethical considerations, of course, do not enter into the calculations. Any means may be used to attain the end. One useful means is the exploitation of the urge humans have to modify their consciousness by eating, drinking, smoking or snorting substances found to produce desirable effects. Humans have done it for ages. Bring in a capitalist socio-economic system and you have a sure way to make a lot of money. Especially if consumer prices can be jacked way up. And the way to do that is to make the possession and use of these substances illegal. Then suppliers become criminals and run the risk of punishment, and so must be financially compensated for the risks they take. The higher the risk, the higher the street price. So make it all very illegal and (try to) corner the market in mind-altering substances, especially the addictive ones (a captive market, so to speak) and voila! The greatest money-making scam in the entire history of the planet! Sufficiently lucrative that with the profits one can buy everyone who needs to be bought: police, judges, customs officers and politicians. Total control! The wet-dream of every fascist dictator — now within the grasp of any sufficiently large, sufficiently well-run, sufficiently immoral organization, such as a government of a country whose wealth has been acquired by war and ruthless exploitation of natural resources and which maintains a military-industrial economy larger and more threatening than that of any other. How long has there been a War on Drugs? Seems forever. (It was announced by Richard Nixon in 1971, but goes back millennia, as we saw above. ) And year after year, it just gets crazier and crazier, ruins more and more lives, and drives the U. S. further into the pit of social disaster. How is it possible that this insanity persists (even though intelligent and rational people have been pointing out for many years how crazy and evil it is)? Read this page (and page two) for an understanding of what lies behind this monstrosity. America, with less than 5 percent of the world population, has a quarter of the worlds prisoners. There are six times as many Americans behind bars as are imprisoned in the 12 countries that make up the entire European Union, even though those countries have 100 million more citizens than the United States. Our jails and prisons have become the 51st state, with a greater combined population than Alaska, North Dakota and South Dakota. — Editorial, San Jose Mercury News, 1999-12-31. In August [2000], the U. S. Department of Justice revealed that the number of men and women behind bars in the U. S. at the end of 1999 exceeded two million and the rate of incarceration had reached 690 inmates per 100,000 residents — a rate Human Rights Watch believed to be the highest in the world (with the exception of Rwanda). The unrelenting war on drugs continued to pull hundreds of thousands of drug offenders into the criminal justice system: 1,559,100 people were arrested on drug charges in 1998; approximately 450,000 drug offenders were confined in jails and prisons. According to the Department of Justice, 107,000 people were sent to state prison on drug charges in 1998, representing 30. 8 percent of all new state admissions. Drug offenders constituted 57. 8 percent of all federal inmates. — Human Rights Watch World Report 2001: United States At this time the Gulag Archipelago, the scattered islands of prisons in which hundreds of thousands of non-violent people are locked away for half their lives for their opposition to the disgraceful and immoral policies of a tyrannical and dictatorial state, is not in Russia, rather it is in the United States of America. This is a crime against humanity by which the government of the United States, which trumpets itself as a defender of liberty and democracy, makes itself into an object of contempt in the eyes of the world. The real problem with drugs in the modern world is that they are illegal. Put simply, the Drug War exists primarily to support — financially and otherwise — the maintenance of the criminal status of the possession of (certain) drugs so that those (mostly on the payroll of the U.S. federal government). Who profit big — directly or indirectly — from the supply of prohibited drugs can continue to do so, at the expense of everyone else, and especially at the expense of the hundreds of thousands of people imprisoned for victimless crimes. This is a scandal and a disgrace of the first magnitude. It will become for the United States of America a source of enduring shame and infamy just as the Third Reich became for Germany.

Flu Season :: essays research papers

Each year the winter seasons brings with it cold, snow, holidays, and to a lucky few a break from work or school. To many, however, winter brings the dreaded Influenza virus, a virus which, if left to it’s own devices, can bring death, especially to the young, the old, and the infirm. This year winter also brought with it a shortage of the Influenza vaccine, which was due to a contamination of one manufacturer’s supply. (Flaherty A02) The resulting decrease in supply caused a dramatic increase in the price demanded by suppliers (and the price paid by consumers). (Flaherty A02) Flu Vaccine for the United States was produced solely by two foreign manufacturers this year, Aventis Pasteur and Chiron Corp. These two manufacturers sell their vaccine to U.S. distributors like Stat Pharmaceuticals Inc. of El Cajon, CA and Meds-Stat based in Ft. Lauderdale, FL who will go on to sell to hospitals, pharmacies, and health care clinics (Flaherty A02). On October fifth the Chiron Corp. announced that their entire supply of Flu vaccine destined for U.S. markets was unfit for use due to a contamination problem at their British manufacturing plant (Flaherty A02). This contamination effectively reduced the U.S. supply of flu vaccine by half (Flaherty A02). Unfortunately for consumers, though profitable to the distributors the drop in supply did not diminish the demand for the vaccine. The quantity of Flu vaccine demanded in the U.S. was greater than the original supply let alone the reduced supply. The market price for the vaccine was between eight and nine dollars prior to the October announcement by Chiron, that it’s vaccine was contaminated, and soon afterwards doubled in price (Flaherty A02). By the eighth of October the vaccine was being offered to pharmacies at prices approaching ninety dollars per-dose a tenfold increase over the original price (Flaherty A02). The demand for the Flu vaccine is shown to be inelastic (the quantity demanded before the discovery of contamination was the entire supply (X) and after the announcement was the remaining quantity (X/2), while the price jumped from nine to ninety dollars { or Ed = .41}). According to the Washington Post â€Å"the higher prices simply reflect[ed] the heightened demand for a scarce item†, though this is not the case, demand did not shift at all, only supply shifted. Not all distributors took advantage of the supply shift as in the case of Stat Pharmaceuticals, which sold its vaccine for fifteen to thirty dollars per-dose.

Management and Smart Criteria

University of Phoenix Material Goal Setting Worksheet Review this week’s resources (for example SMART criteria, and the Career Plan Building Activities). Respond to the following in 50 to 100 words each: 1. Describe one academic goal that you have created using the SMART criteria. How do SMART criteria contribute to your academic goals? One academic goal that I am using with SMART is passing my classes with a least a C. SMART contribute to my academic goals by helping me to improve in my classes, help me to allocate time to important activities such as my family and help me reduce stress due to college life work and personal life. . Describe one professional/career goal you have created using the SMART criteria and Career Plan Building Activities results. How did the results of the Career Interest Profiler and Career Plan Building Activity on Competencies contribute to your professional goal development? One professional goal that I have created with using SMART is to win empl oyee of the year at my job. It contributes to my professional goal because I am a good listener. I like to work with people and I follow my employer’s rules. 3. Related article: Example Essay How to Study SmartDescribe the stress and time-management strategies you have learned this week that will help you achieve your goals. Stress and time management strategies that I have learned this week that will help me achieve my goals are to prepare myself for that goal. When study I should take breaks so that I will not be stressed. I will also adjust my plan each day. 4. Describe how you will balance academic expectations and your personal and professional responsibilities. I will balance my academic expectations, personal, and professional responsibilities by Equally I will give my attention to them all.I would come up with a schedule where I would set time slots to give my time to each . I think by doing this I will not feel overworked and over whelmed. 5. How can understanding the importance of SMART criteria and your career interests and competencies help you move towards your career and academic goals? Understanding the importance of SMART and my career interest can help me move in my career and academic goals by helping me to stay focus and take control of my life direction. Using SMART can help me to be and stay motivated to see if I am succeeding in achieving my goals.

Jessica Dirr: The Most Outstanding Law Student Essay

Different people have different callings in life. Some shine above their peers, while others just try to blend in and mix with others. The different challenges that this university give its students provide numerous opportunities to excel in their chosen fields. This academic institute, hones the talents and the knowledge that students have helping them shine and be recognized.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Every year, our organization nominates the graduate who has exemplified high academic achievement, and the most positive impact in leading the organization. For this year, our organization has nominated Ms. Jessica Dirr as the most outstanding Law student. She was hand-picked for this award because of the extraordinary contributions   and the exemplary performance that she made both in her co-curricular and extra-curricular activities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jessica is a very determined and hard working student. Her commitment to the school is astounding. She completed more than half of the program on her first year, while working on a part time basis. Jessica was even selected as the graduate reasearch assistant of Mr. Jimmi Manning, the over-all project director of Critical Ethnography. This is one of those unique courses that requires a screening process before being allowed to enroll.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Even as a student, she still managed to be actively involved with professional organizations. She is the Social Chair of the Graduate Student Organization, while still being an active member and alumnae of the Theta Phi Alpha.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Even if Law took up most of her time, Jessica still managed to demonstrate a high level of involvement on the different organizations, both on campus and in the community. Being the Social Chair of the Graduate Student Organization, she planned and executed social events for a program which aided in the development of close relationships among the people involved. Since she was an active member of the Theta Phi Alpha, she assisted and helped in the recruitment of the members for her chapter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jessica’s involvement in different fundraisers provided excellent leadership for her sisters. She is well respected, and is often the person her sisters run to for support and assistance regarding the problems of the chapter and of their personal lives. Recently, she teamed up with another graduate in planning a large scale fundraising event, called Dancing with the Scholars. This event has been generating tons of discussions among NKU students. It was predicted that this event will be watched out by the students, and will be one of the most successful events of the year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jessica Dirr also represented our school in different regional and national conferences. She and her classmates responded to a topic through a debate regarding research, practice, and pedagogy. Their topic was â€Å"Graduate Call to Action: Re-Invigorating Communication through debate regarding research, practice and pedagogy.† They answered the topic as fluent and as confident as they can. In May, she will represent our school again as she attends and presents at the CSCA Conference. Her presentation will be about interdisciplinarity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   With everything that has been mentioned, we believe that Jessica Dirr is the perfect recipient of this year’s Most Outstanding Law Student Award. Her accomplishments, both as an individual and as a student of this university, are very much impressive and should be recognized. The numerous contributions that she has made have paved way for the betterment of this university and of its students. She is an extraordinary individual who students can look up to, and a esteemed person who students admire with dignity.

Oceanariums essays

Oceanariums essays Tuesday April 23, 1996 at approximately 8 a.m. Floridas Homosassa Springs Park was the sight of a joyous event. Sweet Pea, a wayward manatee rescued more than 900 miles from her home, was ready to be introduced to the wild. The 1,450 pound manatee was spotted near a municipal wastewater treatment plant in the Houston Ship Channel in Texas. She was rescued and rushed to Sea World of Texas for monitoring, tests, and round-the-clock care. After gaining more than 200 pounds, animal care experts at Sea World believed it was time for Sweet Pea to take another step closer to her eventual reintroduction. This manatees story from Sirens Song (Sea World Education) ended in triumph but it also underscores the dedication of people who fight to save these endangered animals. Without successful rehabilitation programs such as the one above hosted by an oceanarium like Sea World, Sweet Pea and many other manatees would die. Oceanariums are moral and beneficial because they directly educate the publ ic about conservation ecology, they provide suit habitats and environmental enrichment for all of their fish and mammals, and they perform research studies on social behavior and population that allow for new methods of treatment and understanding of marine life in the wild. Undoubtedly, oceanariums remove marine mammals and fish from the wild and place them in captivity. It has been thought that In captive killer whales, it [captivity] is the probable cause of dorsal fin collapse, as without the support of water, gravity pulls these tall appendages over as the whale matures. Collapsed fins are experienced by all captive male orcas and many captive female orcas, who were either captured as juveniles or who were born in captivity (Marine Mammals). Critics have gone so far as to say that marine mammals are held in captivity solely for entertainment purposes and that the animals are treated inhumanely....

Growing Up With Ghosts Essay

Growing Up With Ghosts Essay Growing Up With Ghosts Essay Growing Up With Ghosts In The Woman Warrior, Kingston explores the hardships of growing up in early 19th century American society. Although race is an important factor, gender is an even more prominent element in this story. Kingston descriptions vary in the story, from vague to vivid, depending on the nature of the story she is telling. In juxtaposing her day-to-day troubles with the lives of the women her mother tells her about, Kingston paints a clear picture of the pressures involved with growing up in a Chinese family living in a foreign country and how it shaped her character. â€Å"You must not tell anyone.† These words seem to echo in Kingston’s head whenever she thinks of her aunt colloquially known as â€Å"No Name Woman†. Although very little is known about her outside of her birthing an illegitimate child, having the family house burn down, and jumping in a well with her newborn infant, Kingston’s imagination extends the story beyond a simple tale about a promiscuou s woman. One of her fantasies portrays her aunt as the victim of rape, unable to speak about the incident or explain her sudden pregnancy. Another fantasy depicts her aunt as one who harbors a slowly blossoming passion, attempting to attract a man's attention by carefully tending to her appearance. We never find out which is the truth, nor did the village in which her aunt belonged to, but their reaction was all the same. Considering the sensitivity of the matter, Kingston’s speculation represents a step outside of the traditional norm. Her fantasizing about the events of the past, whether it was an attempt to satisfy herself or to find out what really happened to her aunt, represents a challenge to the concept of the traditional Chinese woman. The consequences of her aunt’s actions reverberate in Kingston’s head throughout the story, causing her to thoroughly consider her behavior and role in society. Kingston does not accept that her aunt was an open woman, but clearly the story plays an important role in her life. She believes that it was wrong for her aunt to give in to her sexual desires. However, the reason she believes it was wrong is because it caused an uproar, threatening village stability and order. In reality, it seems as though she would like to go on dates and socialize, but the image of her aunt’s ghost wandering hopelessly asking other ghosts for some of their food seems too powerful to shake. Consequently, she fears being too attractive. The story of the woman warrior is a less touchy subject. She is someone Kingston could freely aspire to – someone who was not the traditional Chinese wife – without the fear of being criticized. Still however, gender comes into play, as the only reason Mu Lan was not criticized is because she did it â€Å"for family†. This aspect of the traditional Chinese woman entails even someone as great as the mythical woman warrior. Despite this, Kingston regards her with nothing but admiration. Sayings like â€Å"Girls are maggots in the rice.† and â€Å"It is more profitable to raise geese than daughters.† depress and anger her. But Mu

The 20 Best Writing Contests for High School Students

The 20 Best Writing Contests for High School Students SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re a writer- fiction, non-fiction, or fanfiction- you can put those skills to work for you. There are tons of writing contests for high school students, which can award everything from medals to cash prizes to scholarships if you win. Not only will a little extra money, whether cash or scholarships, help you when it comes time to pay for college, but the prestige of a respected reward is also a great thing to include on your college application. Read on to learn more about what writing contests for high school students there are, how to apply, and what you could win! Writing Contests With Multiple Categories Some high school contests accept entries in a variety of formats, including the standard fiction and non-fiction, but also things like screenwriting or visual art. Check out these contests with multiple categories: Scholastic Art and Writing Awards Award Amount: $1,000 to $10,000 scholarships Deadline: Varies Fee: $5 for single entry, $20 for portfolio The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards celebrate art by students in grades seven through twelve on a regional and national scale. These awards have a huge number of categories and styles, including cash prizes or scholarships for some distinguished award winners. Categories include science-fiction and fantasy writing, humor, critical essays, and dramatic scripts, among others. Deadlines vary by region, so use Scholastic’s Affiliate Partner search to find out when projects are due for your area. Scholastic partners with other organizations to provide prizes to winners, so what you can win depends on what you enter and what competition level you reach. Gold medal portfolio winners can earn a $10,000 scholarship, and silver medal winners with distinction can earn a $1,000 scholarship, as well as many other options in different categories. The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards are open to private, public, or home-schooled students attending school in the US, Canada, or American schools in other countries. Students must be in grades seven through twelve to participate. Eligibility varies between regions, so consult Scholastic’s Affiliate Partner search tool to figure out what applies to you. The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards have a $5 entry fee for individual submissions and $20 for portfolio submissions, which may be waived for students in need. These fees may vary depending on location, so be sure to check your local guidelines. Ocean Awareness Contest Award Amount: Scholarships up to $1,500 Deadline: June 17, 2019 Fee: None The Ocean Awareness Contest asks students to consider the future of a coastal or marine species that is under threat from climate change. Submissions are accepted in a variety of art forms, but all must consider the way that climate change impacts ocean life. Submissions for all categories, including art, poetry, prose, film, and music are due by June 17, 2019. Winners may receive prizes of up to a $1,500 scholarship, depending on which division they fall into and what prize they win. Additional scholarships are available to students who demonstrate originality in their voice for ocean activism, as well as students located in Boston, Massachusetts. The contest is open to all international and US students between the ages of 11 and 18. River of Words Award: Publication in theRiver of Words anthology Deadline: December 1, 2018 for US students, February 1, 2019 for international students and those in Arizona or Georgia Fee: None The River of Words contest asks students to consider watersheds- an area that drains into the same body of water- and how they connect with their local community. Students can explore this concept in art or writing, with winners being published in the annualRiver of Words anthology. Entries in all categories must be submitted by December 1, 2018 for students in the US, or February 1, 2019 for international students and students in Arizona or Georgia. The River of Words contest is primarily for recognition and publication, as the website doesn't list any prize money. The contest includes specific awards for certain forms, such as poetry, some of which may have additional prizes. The contest is open toInternational and US students from kindergarten to grade 12. High school students older than 19 are also eligible. Adroit Prizes Award Amount: $200 cash Deadline: Spring Fee: $12 Sponsored by the Adroit Journal, the Adroit Prizes reward high school students and undergraduate students for producing exemplary fiction and poetry. Students may submit up to six poems or three works of prose (totalling 3,500 words) for consideration. Submissions typically open in spring. Winners receive $200 and publication in the Adroit Journal. Finalists and runners-up receive a copy of their judge’s latest published work. The contest is open to secondary and undergraduate students, including international students and those who have graduated early. The Adroit Prizes has a non-refundable fee of $12, which can be waived. YoungArts Competition Award Amount: Up to $10,000 cash awards Deadline: Spring Fee: $35 Open to students in a variety of different disciplines, including visual arts, writing, and music, the YoungArts competition asks students to submit a portfolio of work. Additional requirements may apply depending on what artistic discipline you’re in. Winners can receive up to $10,000 in cash as well as professional development help, mentorship, and other educational rewards. Applicants must be 15 to 18-year-old US citizens or permanent residents (including green card holders) or in grades 10 through 12 at the time of submission. There is a $35 submission fee, which can be waived. A pine cone is an essential part of any writer's toolkit. Fiction Writing Contests for High School Students Many contests with multiple categories accept fiction submissions, so also check out the above contests if you're looking for places to submit original prose. EngineerGirl Writing Contest Award Amount: $100 - $500 cash prize Deadline: February 1, 2019 Fee: None This year's EngineerGirl Writing Contest asks students (though the name of the organization is â€Å"EngineerGirl,† students of any gender may participate) to write a fictional story in which a female main character uses engineering to solve a problem. Word counts vary depending on grade level. At every grade level, first-place winners will receive $500, second-place winners will receive $250, and third-place winners will receive $100. Winning entries and honorable mentions will also be published on the EngineerGirl website. Students of any gender from third to 12th grade may submit to this contest. Home-schooled and international students are also eligible. I recommend turning on the light or lighting a candle for extra visibility. Nonfiction Contests for High School Students Like fiction, non-fiction is often also accepted in contests with multiple categories. However, there are quite a few contests accepting only non-fiction essays as well. The American Foreign Services Association Essay Contest Award Amount: $1,250 to $2,500 Deadline: March 15, 2019 Fee: None The American Foreign Services Association sponsors a high school essay contest tasking students with identifying the United States’ strengths and weaknesses in establishing peace in foreign countries. In an essay between 1,000 and 1,250 words, students must answer three questions about US foreign policy and national security. One winner will receive $2,500 as well as a Washington D.C. trip and a scholarship to attend Semester at Sea. One runner-up receives $1,250 and a scholarship to attend the International Diplomacy Program of the National Student Leadership Conference. Entries must be from US students in grade nine through 12, including students in the District of Columbia, US territories, or US citizens attending school abroad, including home-schooled students. John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Contest Award Amount: $100 - $10,000 Deadline: January 18, 2019 Fee: None The John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage contest tasks students with writing an essay between 700 and 1,000 words on an act of political courage by a US elected official serving during or after 1917, inspired by John F. Kennedy’s Profiles in Courage. Each essay should cover the act itself as well as any obstacles or risks the subject faced in achieving their act of courage. Essays must not cover previous figures covered in the contest, and should also not cover John F. Kennedy, Robert F. Kennedy, or Edward M. Kennedy. One first-place winner will receive $10,000, one second-place winner will receive $3,000, five finalists will receive $1,000 each, and eight semi-finalists will win $100 each. The contest is open to students in grades nine through 12 who are residents of the United States attending public, private, parochial, or home schools. Students under the age of 20 in correspondence high school programs or GED programs, as well as students in US territories, Washington D.C., and students studying abroad, are also eligible. SPJ/JEA High School Essay Contest Award Amount: $300 - $1,000 scholarships Deadline: February 22, 2019 Fee: $5 The SPJ/JEA high school essay contest, organized by the Society of Professional Journalists and theJournalism Education Association, asks students to analyze the role of the Fourth Estate- the press- in American society. Essays should be from 300 to 500 words. A $1,000 scholarship is given to a first-place winner, $500 to second-place, and $300 to third-place. The contest is open to public, private, and home-schooled students of the United States between grades nine and ten. The National World War II Museum Essay Contest Award Amount: $500 - $1,000 Deadline: December 28, 2018, or when 500 essays have been received Fee: None The National World War II Museum contest asks writers to consider the importance of art and artists during war. Students will read and think about a Bob Hope quote- †I was offering time and laughs - the men and women fighting the war were offering up their lives. They taught me what sacrifice was all about.†- and respond to the question of what the duties of art and artists are during times of conflict. Essays are due by December 28, 2018, but entries will close when 500 essays have been received. If you're interested in participating, get your essay in soon! The contest is open to US high school students, including those in US territories or on military bases abroad. Letters About Literature Award Amount: $500 - $2000 cash prize Deadline: December 14, 2018 or January 11, 2019, depending on location Fee: None For this contest, students must imagine sitting down to write a letter to an author who has written something that moved them. Letters should be between 400 and 800 words, and written like a private conversation between the student and their author of choice. Depending on state, the deadline is December 14, 2018 or January 11, 2019. Deadline can be determined using the Library of Congress website. Individual states will assign prizes to winners. One national first-place winner will receive a cash prize of $2,000, and a national honorable mention will receive a cash prize of $500. All state-level winners will be published on the Library of Congress website. We the Students Essay Contest Award Amount: $500 - $5,000 cash prize Deadline: February 14, 2019 Fee: None For this contest, run by the Bill of Rights Institute, students must answer the question, â€Å"What are the essential qualities of a citizen in your community in 21st century America?† in between 500 and 800 words. Entries are due by February 14, 2019. There is no entry fee. One national winner will receive a $5,000 cash prize as well as a scholarship to Constitutional Academy. Six runners up will receive $1,250 each, and eight honorable mentions will receive $500 each. All US citizens or legal residents between the ages of 14 and 19 attending public, private, charter, or religious schools in the US, US territories or districts, at Armed Forces schools abroad are eligible to enter. Home-schooled students and those enrolled in correspondence or GED programs are also eligible. If you're a playwright, there're contests for you, too. Playwriting Contests for High School Students For those who love the stage, playwriting contests are a great option. An original play can earn you great rewards thanks to any of these contests! VSA Playwright Discovery Program Competition Award: Participation in the Kennedy Center American College Theater Festival Deadline: January 23, 2019 Fee: None The VSA Playwright Discovery Program Competition asks students with disabilities to submit a ten-minute script exploring the disability experience. Scripts may be realistic, fictional, or abstract, and may include plays, screenplays, or musical theater. All entries are due by January 23, 2019. Scripts may be collaborative or written by individuals, but must include at least one person with a disability as part of the group. One winner or group of winners will be selected as participants in the Kennedy Center American College Theater Festival. Winners will have access to professional assistance in developing their script as well as workshops and networking opportunities. This contest is open to US and international students in grades six to 12, or between the ages of 11 and 18. Groups of up to five members may collaborate on an essay, but at least one of those students must have a disability. Worldwide Plays Festival Competition 2019 Award: Professional production in New York Deadline: February 1, 2019 Fee: None In the Worldwide Plays Festival Competition, students from around the world can submit an eight-minute script for a play set in a part of a neighborhood- specifically, at a convenience store, outside a character’s front door, or at a place where people convene. Each play must have roles for three actors, should not have a narrator who isn’t also a character, and should not contain set changes. Entries are due February 1, 2019.Winners will have their play produced by professionals at an off-Broadway New York theater. Scholarships are also available for winners. Any student, including US and international, in first through 12th grade may submit work for consideration. YouthPLAYS Award Amount: $50 - $200 cash prize Deadline: Early 2019 Fee: None Students may submit a one-act, non-musical play of at least ten pages to YouthPLAYS for consideration. Plays should be appropriate for high school audiences and contain at least two characters, with one or more of those characters being youths in age-appropriate roles. Large casts with multiple female roles are encouraged. One winner will receive $200, have their play published by YouthPLAYS, and receive a copy of Great Dialog, a program for writing dialog. One runner up will receive $50 and a copy of Great Dialog. Students must be under the age of 19, and plays must be the work of a single author. The Lewis Center Ten-Minute Play Contest Award Amount: $100 - $500 cash prize Deadline: Spring Fee: None Students in grade 11 may submit a ten-minute play for consideration for the Lewis Center Ten-Minute Play Contest. Plays should be 10 pages long, equivalent to 10 minutes. One first-prize winner will receive $500, one second-prize winner will receive $250, and one third-prize will receive $100. All entries must be from students in the 11th grade. Make Dickinson proud in these poetry writing contests. Poetry Writing Contests for High School Students For those who prefer a little free verse or the constraints of a haiku, there are plenty of poetry-specific contests, too. Just Poetry!!! Award Amount: $100 to $500 scholarship Deadline: Ongoing Fee: None Students may submit one poem of up to 20 lines for consideration. Winners are selected from all submissions to Just Poetry!!! throughout the year rather than as part of a single contest. One â€Å"Poet of the Year† will receive a $500 college scholarship, four â€Å"Best of Issue† winners will receive a $100 scholarship each, and four â€Å"Editor’s Choice† winners will receive a $100 scholarship each. All US high school students may enter. Creative Communications Poetry Contest Award Amount: $25 Deadline: December 6, 2018 Fee: None Students in ninth grade or below may submit any poem of 21 lines or less (not counting spaces between stanzas) for consideration in theCreative Communications Poetry Contest. Students may win $25, a free book, and school supplies for their teacher. Public, private, or home-schooled US students (including those in detention centers) in kindergarten through ninth grade may enter. Leonard L. Milberg ’53 High School Poetry Prize Award Amount: $100 - $500 Deadline: November 30, 2018 Fee: None Students in 11th grade may submit up to three poems for consideration in the Leonard L. Milberg '53 High School Poetry Prize. Submissions are dueNovember 30, 2018. One first-prize winner will receive $500, one second-prize winner will receive $250, and a third-prize winner will receive $100. Poems may be published on arts.princeton.edu. All entrants must bein the 11th grade. Nancy Thorp Poetry Contest Award Amount: $500 - $5,000 scholarship, $350 cash prize Deadline: Fall Fee: None Women poets in high school may submit two poems for consideration for the Nancy Thorp Poetry Contest. One first-place winner will receive a $350 cash prize, publication in and ten copies of Cargoes, Hollins’ student magazine, as well as a renewable scholarship of up to $5,000 for Hollins and free tuition and housing for the Hollinsummer creative writing program. One second-place winner will receive publication in and two copies of Cargoes, a renewable scholarship to Hollins of up to $1,000, and a $500 scholarship to attend Hollinsummer. Applicants must be female students in high school. What’s Next? If you're looking for more money opportunities for college, there are plenty of scholarships out there- including some pretty weird ones. For those who've been buffing up their test scores, there aretons of scholarships, some in the thousands of dollars. If you're tired of writing essays and applying for scholarships, consider some of these colleges that offer complete financial aid packages.

RELIGION IN A MONTH IN THE COUNTRY AND THE LIFE OF PI Essay

RELIGION IN A MONTH IN THE COUNTRY AND THE LIFE OF PI - Essay Example In Life of Pi, Pi is an extremely religious character who relies on this faith to get him through a very difficult situation. While religion is explored different in these two texts, the inclusion of these faiths in central to both the literal and symbolic messages that each of them explore. In A Month in the Country, both good and evil can be seen throughout and are represented through religion, or lack thereof. This novel is set just after World War One had inflicted a great deal of damage on Europe and the world as a whole. This is symbolic of the evil in the world, as many people lost their lives as a result of this conflict and many more are left traumatized because of their experiences. This story centers around Tom Birkin, who is a veteran of the war and is also the victim of a broken marriage. Tom is contracted to restore a medieval mural located in a church in the Yorkshire village of Oxgodby, but he finds much more than a job in this village. When Tom arrives, this village has nearly lost its faith in religion, which is symbolized by the painting that has been covered up numerous times and by the cold-hearted nature of Reverend Keach. The lack of religion in this village is a stark contrast to the time period when the mural was originally painted, as the churc h and Christianity held a great deal of importance during that time period since â€Å"theirs was a different hell from oursâ€Å" (Carr 98). This is shown by the fact that the mural on the church is a depiction of God taking the good to heaven while sending the evil to hell. Another way in which good and evil are represented during this novel comes through the work of Charles Moon. He has been contracted in the same village to uncover the remains of a medieval man who was excommunicated from the church and also to find out why this happened to the man. Over time, Moon is able to figure out that this man was forced to convert to Islam and sword

Research Paper on a Terrorist Group Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

On a Terrorist Group - Research Paper Example The â€Å"Al Qaeda† was formed in Afghanistan in 1989 to fight the members of the Soviet Union in that country. During that time, the Soviet Union wanted to suppress a budding Islamic Revolution. Thus, the founders of Al Qaeda wished to counter this oppression under the common banner of Islam. A huge number of Arab Afghans travelled from all parts of the Arab world to participate in this â€Å"jihad† and enrolled at the recruitment camp of the organization at Peshawar, situated at the border of Pakistan and Afghanistan. Osama bin Laden and Dr. Ayman al-Zawahiri arrived at Peshawar and took over the leadership of the group. During the beginning the organization functioned as a hierarchical structure to facilitate its participation in the war against the Soviets. This arrangement helped the group to send military troops and war aids to Afghanistan and gradually prepared the organization to launch a concerted attack on the countries of the Western world. Thus, during the e arly years of its formation, the Al Qaeda was a highly structured and systematically arranged organization. After the Soviet troops were defeated in Afghanistan, the group changed its structure into a network organization. (Mishal, Rosenthal, 2005, p 3) The Al Qaeda can be classified as an international political terrorist organization. In the opinion of Mishal and Rosenthal (2005), the organization followed a hierarchical order in the beginning and later changed into a network organization. After the attack on Afghanistan in 2001, it assumed the form of a Dune organization. During the time, when the Al Qaeda was engaged in a war with the Soviets in Afghanistan, the group was a hierarchical organization. It was divided into small units which were arranged like pyramids under the group’s common leadership. After its transformation into a network-based organization, the structures within the group were redefined. Al Qaeda became more of a transnational organization which was willing to direct its activities towards multiple causes. During the period 1998 – September 2001, the terrorist group operated as a network organization. (Mishal, Rosenthal, 2005, p 2) Objectives The Al Qaeda was initially formed to counter the Sovi et Union’s attack on the growing Islamic revolution in Afghanistan. After the defeat of the Soviet troops, the group became a transnational organization which was engaged in pursuing a number of causes as its objectives. In February 1998, Osama bin Laden brought together a group of state-level Muslim leaders and organizations to form the â€Å"World Islamic Front for Jihad against the Jews and Crusaders (IIF)†. The IIF formulated its objectives in accordance with the World Islamic Front Statement of 1998: to free the al-Aqsa mosque and the Holy Mosque of Mecca from the hold of America and it allied nations, it was the duty of every Muslim to extricate civil and military citizens of USA and its allies. They were free to carry out their mission in any country which they

Cigarette companies targeting people Research Paper

Cigarette companies targeting people - Research Paper Example Cigarette manufacturers are more interested in safeguarding their business interests rather than the interests of the people or the country. It should be noted that government is getting huge money as taxes given by the cigarette manufacturers and therefore it is impossible for the government to completely ban this activity. Cigarette manufacturers know this fact very well and they are finding new ways to spread smoking. This paper analyses how cigarette companies are targeting their customers. Tobacco company research confirmed the association between tobacco use and alcohol use. Cigarette manufacturers explored promotional strategies linking cigarettes and alcohol, such as jointly sponsoring special events with alcohol companies to lower the cost of sponsorships, increase consumer appeal, reinforce brand identity, and generate increased cigarette sales. They also pursued promotions that tied cigarette sales to alcohol purchases, and cigarette promotional events frequently featured alcohol discounts or encouraged alcohol use. Tobacco companies numerous marketing strategies linking cigarettes with alcohol may have reinforced the use of both substances. Because using tobacco and alcohol together makes it harder to quit smoking (Jiang & Ling, 2011, p.1942). The nexus between liquor manufacturers and cigarette companies is well documented by many studies. It should be noted that many people have the habit of smoking at the time of drinking alcohol. In fact smoking, while drinking, is an essential activity to get the maximum pleasure out of drinking. Tobacco manufacturers know this fact very well and they are offering cigarettes for every purchase of liquor bottles. Thus both liquor manufacturers and cigarette manufacturers are reaping profits. It should be noted that the combined effect of alcohol and cigarette smoke create addiction so that the smokers or the

Marketing- Analyzing Buying Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing- Analyzing Buying Behavior - Essay Example â€Å"eco-friendly† product can be created through informative advertising by telling consumers the hazards of using the product that are not made for the wellbeing of the environment. Another danger in the proposal is the pricing of the new product which will be charged 150% more than the current price. However, if the consumer perceives that the product is not doing a better job than their conventional products, then once again our marketing proposal could lose out. Hence, careful pricing needs to be done to see if it is consistent with the benefits that it promises to render. The increase in the availability of the product in various retail outlets will be very beneficial for the business and this could increase our sales and profits and we can try to increase retailing outlets for even our conventional products. Commercial products are often sold to different organizations once a problem is recognized by these institutions. As far as the anti-bacterial is concerned we should go with the plan. The reason behind this is that currently there is no competitor in the market and we can afford to charge high prices without losing any customers. We can therefore squeeze the maximum revenue from the market until new competition arises in the market of anti-bacterial cleaners. The consumers in this market have no opportunity for supplier search and we can squeeze the total market sales from our production. Neither will they need any proposal solicitation nor will they be reviewing our performance as there be no benchmark in the market. Thus we can go in the market to meet our objectives. Similarly, we can also repackage the wax product due its distinct features in the market and command high prices. This again will be a success due to lack of any similar product in the market. Therefore, we can trust Rena and immediately implement the plans as proposed by her to meet our marketing objectives. This exercise provided us with knowledge that businesses can produce a

Numerical Problem Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Numerical Problem - Speech or Presentation Example Further, the firm has a higher debt-to-equity ratio which is also unfavorable indicating more risk because the firm depends more on external lenders. Average collection period indicates the number of days a firm requires converting its receivables into cash. The firm takes more days that the industry average implying that the premiums receivable of the firm are less liquid or are converted less quickly into cash. The firm is, therefore, less efficient in managing its premium receivables compared to the industry average. Days cash on hand shows the number of days of operating expenses that the firm could meet with its current cash available. The company is in a worse situation because it has a lower ratio than the industry average and should increase its fundraising or cut back its spending. Return on assets is a profitability ratio measuring how efficient a firm is in using its assets to generate revenue. The firm has a higher ratio than the industry average implying that it is more efficient in using its assets to generate revenue than the industry average. The firm has higher TIE ratio than the industry average. It, therefore, has higher ability to meet its interest payments on the debt. The firm has a lower fixed asset turnover ratio meaning it is not using the assets optimally. It is less efficient than the industry average in using assets to generate sales or

Marketing- Analyzing Buying Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing- Analyzing Buying Behavior - Essay Example â€Å"eco-friendly† product can be created through informative advertising by telling consumers the hazards of using the product that are not made for the wellbeing of the environment. Another danger in the proposal is the pricing of the new product which will be charged 150% more than the current price. However, if the consumer perceives that the product is not doing a better job than their conventional products, then once again our marketing proposal could lose out. Hence, careful pricing needs to be done to see if it is consistent with the benefits that it promises to render. The increase in the availability of the product in various retail outlets will be very beneficial for the business and this could increase our sales and profits and we can try to increase retailing outlets for even our conventional products. Commercial products are often sold to different organizations once a problem is recognized by these institutions. As far as the anti-bacterial is concerned we should go with the plan. The reason behind this is that currently there is no competitor in the market and we can afford to charge high prices without losing any customers. We can therefore squeeze the maximum revenue from the market until new competition arises in the market of anti-bacterial cleaners. The consumers in this market have no opportunity for supplier search and we can squeeze the total market sales from our production. Neither will they need any proposal solicitation nor will they be reviewing our performance as there be no benchmark in the market. Thus we can go in the market to meet our objectives. Similarly, we can also repackage the wax product due its distinct features in the market and command high prices. This again will be a success due to lack of any similar product in the market. Therefore, we can trust Rena and immediately implement the plans as proposed by her to meet our marketing objectives. This exercise provided us with knowledge that businesses can produce a

Background check Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Background check - Essay Example When individuals hire close friends, they are reluctant to perform the background checks. The second reason is trust where white color criminals are not profiled easily as they are trusted. The last reason is financial issues where small businesses do not have adequate resources to perform the check. Therefore, these businesses opt to avoid the background check. Personally, I do not have an instance where a company failed to perform the check on an individual as my friends confirmed that they signed the waivers for background checks. This shows that the problem has significantly improved in the modern days because information to perform the check is readily available as opposed to the past. A standing policy would be an important measure to ensure that individuals do not avoid the background checks in the future. For reasonable and reliable decision making process, verification of potential employee’s background information is crucial (Muir 51). If I were in the position of hiring a high-level financial employee, I would first interview them personally and then perform an extensive background check to avoid compromising the functioning of my company as a result of vandalism, embezzlement or theft of company resources. Additionally, I would ensure that I contact all previous employers in spite of the subject individual’s experi ence or expertise. With regard to the case scenario, the first company did its duty by reporting the culprit but the second failed leading to a

Improve Efficiency Essay Example for Free

Improve Efficiency Essay A very high percentage of the items selected (picked) in the distribution centers and re-stocked in the stores were in quantities of 1 case. This company’s roots were as a high volume, limited assortment retailer and distributor. Over time the business had shifted allowing the stores to reorder a higher mix of items at lower volumes. Given the companies market position as a low-price leader, this reduced profit margins. The two root causes of this shift were identified as: 1. Stock-keeping-unit (SKU) count growth outpacing sales growth, and 2. Allowing minimum order quantities from the stores to the distribution centers to drop to a quantity of one This white paper will study how this company quantified the impact of allowing its stores to order in one case quantity and then recalculated minimum order quantities for higher volume items. (For details of how SKUs were reduced see White Paper â€Å"SKU Reduction – Biggest SKLUsers†) A Supply Velocity Consultant led a team of employees through this 5 week project. The Supply Velocity consultant facilitated, but the employees did most of the analysis and therefore owned the improvements. [emailprotected] com Copyright: Supply Velocity, Inc. 2 Project Outline ? Evaluated all SKUs and the case quantity they are most frequently ordered at, to establish baseline data for how stores are ordering ? Time studied retail store shelf restocking and distribution center order selection labor to determine the negative labor productivity impact of the current ordering policy o Graphed the results in a trend chart o Determined that the greatest labor productivity improvement happens when the order quantity increases from just 1 to 2 cases ? Recalculated minimum order quantity for all items using Multi-Variable Pareto analysis based on: o Item unit movement o Pack-out (number of units that fit on the shelf space allocated in stores) o Shelf life ? About 20% of all SKUs had a re-calculated minimum order quantity greater than 1 case o The most conservative methods were used to ensure this project didn’t just push inventory out to stores, resulting in shrink (throwing away items that go beyond their shelf-life limit or are damaged) ? Communicated all items on the minimum order quantity to all stores through a comprehensive communication plan o Communication plan included data to show stores how increasing minimum order quantity on select items would improve their labor productivity ? Created a control plan to ensure new items, SKU reduction and sales history will be used to update the minimum order quantity on a twice yearly basis [emailprotected] com Copyright: Supply Velocity, Inc. 3 Time Study Analysis To quantify the problem, we time studied order selection in the distribution centers and shelf restocking in retail stores. We conducted a few snapshot analyses of different distribution centers to understand the current state of â€Å"order quantities†. The graph below shows that out of the approximately 2800 items, a majority are ordered in quantities of 1 case. The time study data also showed that the second case selected or stocked is essentially â€Å"free† and the same movement is used for two cases as for one case. At the outset of this project the team was worried that any increase in minimum order quantity would be viewed by store managers as an attempt to push inventory out from the distribution centers to the stores. This data showed that increasing minimum order quantity from one case to just two, gave us the greatest percentage of labor productivity improvement. However, we didn’t just want to increase all items to a 2 case minimum order quantity. Instead, a statistical tool, Multi-Variable Pareto was used to calculate the proper minimum order quantity based on a mix of inputs. [emailprotected] com Copyright: Supply Velocity, Inc. 4 Distribution Center Order Selection Quantity (# of items picked per quantity) 57% of the items in distribution centers were selected at a 1 case quantity [emailprotected] com Copyright: Supply Velocity, Inc. 5 â€Å"Time to Select per Case Quantity† in the Distribution Centers – Based on case count per selection When selecting 2 cases of a n item, the time per case drops by 45% from 1 case. [emailprotected] com Copyright: Supply Velocity, Inc. 6 Time to Re-Stock SKUs on Shelves in Stores – Based on case count When restocking 2 cases of an item, the time per case drops by 61% from 1 case. This shows that the greatest productivity improvement occurs when going from 1 to 2 cases, which is easier to â€Å"sell† to the stores than making large increases in minimum order quantity. They can reduce labor by 37 seconds per case by ordering and stocking 2 cases of an item versus 1. [emailprotected] com Copyright: Supply Velocity, Inc. 7 Multi Variable Pareto Analysis ? Recalculated minimum order quantity for all items using Multi-Variable Pareto analysis based on: o Item unit movement o Pack-out (number of units that fit on the shelf space allocated in stores) o Shelf life ? About 20% of all SKUs had a re-calculated minimum order quantity greater than 1 case o The most conservative methods were used to ensure this project didn’t just push inventory out to stores, resulting in shrink Multi-Variable Pareto is a method that uses more than one â€Å"measure† to sort SKUs from highest to lowest performing. Normal Pareto Analysis has been used to develop guidelines such as the 80/20 rule (20% of customers generate 80% of sales). When using multiple variables, there has to be a way to normalize the data so all variables are part of the analysis. We used three variables to determine the correct minimum order quantity for an item. ? Cases sold per week on average for each item ? The number of cases that fit in the given shelf space ? Product shelf-life Each of these variables are positively correlated to Minimum Order Quantity. ? The higher the cases sold equals higher Order Quantity ? The greater the shelf space (pack-out) equals higher Order Quantity ? The longer the item’s shelf-life equals higher Order Quantity The team of subject matter experts used retail experience to determine each of these factors and their impact on minimum order quantity. Results of this analysis are shown below. The calculation was very conservative, as the results have shown. Only 466 of 2800 items have a minimum order quantity greater than 1 case. This was largely driven by two factors. Item shelf-life limited our ability to make any shelf-life sensitive item greater than 1 case. Our calculation took this limiting factor into account, to ensure we weren’t causing shrink (throwing away items that go beyond their shelf-life limit or are damaged) at the stores. In addition, lower case movement drove many items to a 1 case minimum, even if they didn’t have shelf life limitations. The lower case movement is due to SKU proliferation and was addressed by the SKU Reduction (Biggest SKLUsers) project. [emailprotected] com Copyright: Supply Velocity, Inc. 8 Results of Minimum Order Quantity Calculation [emailprotected] om Copyright: Supply Velocity, Inc. 9 Communication Control Plan ? Communicated with all retail stores about how the minimum order quantity analysis was conducted and the resulting new plan o Communication plan included data to show stores that increasing minimum order quantity on select items would improve their labor productivity ? Created a control plan so new items, SKU reduction and sales history will update the minimum order quantity on a twice yearly basis It was critical that this project was presented as a positive for our retail store-customers. We created a communication plan that showed two key aspects of this change: ? The conservative nature of the change o only 466 of 2800 items are receiving a minimum order quantity increase ? This change is good for the stores and will improve their labor productivity To ensure that this process endures and does not get reversed over time we included a control plan. This is shown in the graphic below. As Category Marketing Managers evaluate items, adding and reducing SKUs, changes will be reflected in new pack-out quantities. This quantity will get fed to Distribution Technology who will recalculate this items’ minimum order quantity using the same Multi-Variable Pareto calculation. A control group, made up of Merchandising, Distribution and Retail Directors will review the list, make changes in the ordering system and communicate changes to store customers. [emailprotected] com Copyright: Supply Velocity, Inc. 10 Results By taking the higher sales volume SKUs and increasing the store minimum order quantity, we decreased the time per case to stock shelves in the stores and select items in the distribution centers. Using only the 1 to 2 case increase in minimum order quantity for the 466 SKUs reduced the labor time per case resulting in a labor savings of $1. 2 million. The expectation for this process is to slowly grow the number items with a minimum order quantity greater than 1 case beyond 20%. By rationalizing and reducing SKUs we should increase the shelf pack-out of remaining items, thereby increasing the minimum order quantity.

Development of Extended Low Frequency Enclosure

Development of Extended Low Frequency Enclosure Introduction The rationale for this work is to present a theoretical and practical analysis of an extended low frequency enclosure capable of 20-65Hz, obtained through a method of careful cabinet design built around a suitable transducer and to support the findings with a build supporting sufficient evidence through implementation of testing. Low frequency tones Enclosure types Reinforced low frequencies cannot depend entirely on the driver itself for extended low end and requires a form of baffle or enclosure to completely isolate the front and rear drives. D. Weems (page 11) states also that a speaker can deliver 100 times greater sound intensity at low frequencies in a suitable box than in free air. Nearly all drivers are sat in an enclosure or at least some kind of baffle in order to increase and extend the low frequency output from the speaker system (J.Murphy pg 17). It is shown in figure 1 the importance of separation, illustrating how pressure waves from the front of the cone equal that of the pressure radiating from the rear and therefore are of opposite polarity and cancel each other out. Sound is directional at mid and higher frequencies and so these can be audible at a greater level, though wavelengths as long compared to the diameter of the speaker curve back and around the cone so that the out-of-phase waves mix (J.murphy pg17). When a baffle or box is utilized, the driver becomes much more efficient, using the much more contained air in front and behind the driver like a spring. Another purpose to house a speaker in an enclosure is its help to dampen the driver further from excessive vibrating at its frequency of resonance (fs) and furthermore to increase definition on the musical notes by reducing its hangover. If accurately designed, this should be kept to a minimum and is the relationship or air pressure against the cone between a speaker and its enclosure that helps balance the mechanical properties of air volume within and help generate a smooth flat frequency response. This is known as acoustic or resistive loading. S.Stark (pg141) explains in the lower two-thirds or so of a drivers intended frequency range, the speaker cone requires an extra amount of acoustical impedance (or load) to keep its motion under control. Again if both appliances are well designed, especially the driver construction, this acoustical imp edance is balanced out on the diaphragm movement. Loudspeaker driversThese are known as Thiele-Small parameters and are essentially a set of electromechanical parameters that determine the performance of a low frequency driver. Each driver is sent out with these specifications from the manufacture and help define a relationship between a speaker and an intended enclosure for use. They are very accurate and crucial in establishing constitution in the enclosure design in respect to sound quality and response output. One way to look at these in more depth is to see a direct correlation with the voice coil, magnet, and cone interacting with the cone suspension and the air in and outside the enclosure as an electrical circuit made up of resistors, capacitors and inductors. This can be seen as a relatively simple analysis circuit where changing the parameter increments of the individual components can alter the needed frequency. By then changing these parameters back into physical attributes such as enclosure size for a sealed box, a desi gn can be implemented (A. Ludwig 1997). This practice sets a scientific foundation in the practice of loudspeaker design as much a science as an art. It can often be seen in some cases, speaker designing a trial and error process, though with simple calculation correction methods based on these parameter formulas. For example, from predicted theory or software modelling, once a loudspeaker build has been complete, an initial test for electrical impedance across the driver terminals will demonstrate the first step in comparing the finished result with the simulations. If these are in contrast with the predictions, the enclosure can be tuned founded on these measurements. Often impedance spikes are sensitive to design faults and can cause extended amplification or location shifts at unintended frequencies. Ludwig (1997) however, suggests how these responses can be due to mutual coupling though in some cases such as a bass-reflex or ported designs actually a necessary result benefittin g the design by allowing air to enter the duct and work in alliance with the speaker cone. There are three parameter categories as constituted by Neville Thiele and Richard small. These are acoustical, mechanical and electrical and can be determined by either an A, M or E in their symbol script. Acoustic parameters are established by the effective piston area of the cone where the mechanical attributes are obtained by multiplying by the square of this area in the case of mass and resistive loss, or dividing by the square of the area in the case of compliance. Ludwig (1997). The electrical components involve two energy diffusions: the voice coil DC resistance and the amplifiers output resistance. To build a loudspeaker these parameters must be fully understood so justified usage can be applied in the different stages of design. Q has no dimensions though is a measure of damping on a speaker. It is simply the ratio between energy storing and energy dissipative mechanisms at resonance and in electrical terms, it is the ratio of the reactance to the resistance at its resonant frequency. D. Pierce (1995). The greater the damping of a speaker i.e. higher the Q, the lower its output is at resonant frequency indicating a small mechanical energy transfer in the driver. In other words, the amount of resistance available to dissipate the energy is small compared to the amount of energy stored. Therefore, for larger applications such as long horn or ported enclosures, generally a lower Q is required to produce the synonymous low frequency responses. This is induced by damping the resonant motion quickly as the resonant energy is dissipated quickly and removed from the resonant system. D.Pierce (1995). The mechanical and electrical mechanisms are classed as Qms and Qes with a combined unification closely described as Q ts, also determined by the enclosure volume (Vas) and total Q of the driver. EQUATIONS Essentially the compliance is the measure of stiffness of a drivers suspension measured in litres or cubic ft. Written as Vas, It denotes the same volume of air for the cone as it does for the speaker suspension. Larger drivers predominantly have a larger Vas due to the resistance of air it has to push in comparison to a smaller driver. The compliance must be established in order to ascertain whether an enclosure size is too small or large for the driver. A larger value equates to a stiffer surround and therefore being more suited in large enclosures. This said however, often results in a lower Qts and would correspond better as a mid-bass region either in a three or four way system. To follow on from these few basic parameters, a look into some basic speaker enclosures allows a practical look into the enclosure variables and how each box evolves to ascertain the diagnostics of my final build. EQUATION Compliance ratio =3 ÃŽ ± = Vas / Vab = Cms/cmb compliance of driver is expressed as an equivalent volume of air or Vas (Murphy pg24) Speaker designs can be put into two main classifications: direct radiators and acoustic horns with many variations and combinations to gain different frequency responses from the size, shape and air tightness of the box. Within these classifications bring four sub category types, each with their own advantages and disadvantages so suit different applications. A sealed box or air suspension enclosure uses quite a compact design, mainly found in home hi-fi where excessive SPL is not such an essential necessity. It utilizes the force of air at the rear driver more so than its own suspension, though a floppy driver is often used along with the spring to help dampen the driver cone movement. The rear of a speaker in any enclosure plays a fundamental part in shaping the sound waves. It is therefore clear to see why these types of enclosures are not commonly seen in the larger scale venues or for live music due to its inefficient design of soley manipulating the rear waves of the diaphragm as a linear air spring in a sealed enclosure. The compliance ratio decides whether the box is sealed (infinite baffle) or air suspension. An infinite baffle box usually has a low ratio of about one or two as the box replies predominantly on the cone suspension as a its control with a large box volume behind. This in turn acts similarly to a baffle of infinite proportion where the air gives little resistance to the movement of the cone. On the other hand, an air suspension can have a relatively high compliance ratio of four or five due to the air being reasonably stiff which in turn allows a looser driver where most the control is regulated. This enclosure has one self contained variable known as Vb and as mentioned by Ludwig, by altering the volume size in co-ordinance with driver parameters can help tune the box to its optimum response. As well as a drivers resonance frequency, the enclosure simultaneously also produces a system resonance known as fsc and a second order high pass filter defined as Qtc and corresponds to the sealed box Q. These parameters will perpetually be greater than the drivers uniformed fs and Qts. To gain the enclosures resonance, both the volume of the enclosure and driver parameters have to be applied. Therefore: F(sc) = F (fs, Qts, Vas, Vb) Ported box has two variables V(B) the box volume and F(B) the tuning frequency A ported enclosure essentially allow for extended low end with a given driver and is even possible to reduce the size of box gaining extra low end frequency without increasing the internal stiffness of the air. The air inside the box continues its proficiency as a spring yet the port serves as an additional piston where the vibrating air supplements the resonant frequency for two other contemporary resonances; one in phase slightly higher than the Fs and one lower than the Fs working out of phase. As with a sealed enclosure a balance has to be struck as this lower Fs and out of phase response can run the risk of over excursion as the roll off frequency quickly becomes a much steeper gradient. Stark (2004) explains how when a speaker is given a significant amount of power below the resonant frequency, the speaker unloads and becomes drastically more inclined to push beyond its normal excursion limits. At its best sound bad, but at worst can risk driver failure. Helmholtz resonator stark 178 Port tuning frequency = Fb Further advances on ported designs such as installing additional baffles inside the enclosure result in an even lower resonant frequency of the air mass in the enclosure, fabricating a smaller enclosure at the front with a larger air space at the rear of the driver. These are known as bandpass enclosures and by adjust the volumes of air in the two compartments help to equalize the enclosure with the duct or port used to tune the fs. This again comes as a compromise where a considerable amount of power is needed to produce the equivalent output levels. Transient response differences page 29 murphy What the different frequencies do More about the port Variations, band pass 4th 5th 6th order Horn loaded speakers serves a much more beneficial approach of further increasing efficiency over direct radiators and serve two paramount parameters: A higher composure of directivity control (especially in the higher frequencies) and loading of the driver. By increasing the loaded of the driver over that of the free air, increases efficiency and hence the output and by further concentrating the sound into a fixed solid angle increases the output further (B. Kolbrek horn theory). This method of amplification is not a recent discovery and has dated back thousands of years where ram horns have been used consisting of a small throat and large mouth where perceivable amplification is recognized. Thomas Edison then evolved this principle in 1877 where the first tin horn phonograph was invented, coupling the minute vibrations of the diaphragm to the air of the listening area (J.Dinsdale horn loudspeaker design). To expand this principle further, a loudspeaker propagates pressure producing an internal source impedance and external load impedance and essentially acts as an acoustical transformer, matching the high impedance at the driver to the low impedance of the room air by its smooth rate of increased cross sectional area from the driver cone to the horn mouth. In a direct radiating enclosure, because a mismatch between source and the load, most the energy is converted into heat in the voice coil and the mechanical resistances where the size of source is small compared to the wavelengths its trying to produce and therefore merely push the medium away and making it quite an inefficient design (B.Kolberk). Kolberk goes on to say that high frequency output consist of plane waves (Wave in which the wavefront is a plane surface; a wave whose equiphase surfaces form a family of parallel planes (J. D. Jackson, 1998 )) that do not spread out. The system will therefore be at its optimum efficiency as the load from the driver is at its highest. If the lower frequencies coul d be radiated also in pane waves Quarter wave horns Tapped The build Initially, a tapped horn build was not first choice. A model of a twin loaded 18 4th order bandpass sub was modelled using the software winISD. This program allows modelling of vented, bandpass and passive radiator enclosures with additional tools such as filter calculators and signal generators with help if designing multi-way systems. Various drivers were configured such as BC 6PE13, Beyma G550, PD 1850 and an RCF LF18X400 though a 800W Ciare 18.00sw would have been the driver of choice with a low fs of 22Hz at. This illustrates the maximum SPL response from the predicted cabinet. This was as close to flat as possible with a low f3 (cut of frequency -3db) and tuned to 29Hz. However, size would have been a serious issue with a cabinet size of 600 litres. This was the first initiation into speaker design with little appreciation to what is really intended from a low frequency enclosure. The purpose of this build is to establish an efficient, effective and accurate acoustical reproducing circuit. The circuit system should be able to emphasize the necessary frequency tones and accordingly dampen unwanted characteristics. Furthermore, through the desired frequency bandwidth, an ideal flat response contour should be achieved where the structure should collaborate, emphasizing the bass tones in the music content. From looking at sealed enclosures, an analytical careful design should be constructed where the use of both sides of the speaker should be implemented to its maximum performance. Therefore, by constructing a circuit where the change in phase from the front and rear of the driver actually couple and in turn reinforce the sound level output. For these reverse polarity sound waves to couple and increase efficiency, a folded horn arrangement seems a coherent route to pre-empt and can be either exponential, hyperbolic, tractix, parabolic or conical each giving their own individual response in terms of efficiency and distortion. In essence of a loudspeaker box, distinctively the drivers competence plays a considerable role in quality and magnitude of the sound as much as the structure of the box. A paramount feature of a good enclosure besides its principle design is its backbone of rigidity and strength. A feature of good quality cabinets demand a sturdy design with minimal or no waver from the surrounding walls or internal baffles caused by the high pressure sound waves. Correspondingly, joins and fixings should also be air tight and free from unwanted vibrations. Stark (pg 144) explains how this possible flexing of the walls can create unnecessary resonances and consequently reduces efficiency and maximum output. Furthermore, it also degrades the principle of the infinite baffle and can also diminish transient response. In other words, the enclosure is likely to continue vibrate after the driver has stropped moving. From analysing the different enclosures in research, a further look into quarter wave horns was undertaken. It was found that transmission lines absorbed much of the intensity on output though a slightly adapted rear loaded horn with a tap and could accomply a larger driver could be much more suitable resulting in a smaller driver and box with extended efficiency at low end. A new driver had to be found with a much more in depth look into the thiele-small parameters and which characteristics would work in such a horn. Again various speakers were modelled but the Eminence Lab-12 predicted the best results due to WinISD is not capable of calculating tapped horn responses so a look into the horn modelling software; Horn Response (Hornresp) designed by D.J.McBean was carried out. Here the parameters of the driver can be inserted along with the length and area of each horn section, the rear chamber parameters including acoustical lining specifications and a series of predicted test tools such as schematic diagram of the horn, acoustical impedance, SPL response, electrical impedance, diaphragm displacement, phase response and group delay. On first look at this program the input parameters for each section looked somewhat perplexing and took a lot of time calculating what each section could achieve with different horn designs. On initial play, parameters from other designs were inserted where alterations could be adjusted to see the possible outcome. Advancing from this further, looking at a pattern in previous models and trying to design a horn suitable for the needs of my own chosen driver. It wasnt until extensive reading in speaker design, that the different thiele-small parameters really came into play where a clear relationship between the driver parameters and enclosure parameter knowledge that a formulated pattern could be understood and used on further developments. Although the variables can be adjusted on the different sections, a starting point had to be established. Firstly a driver had to been chosen. It was quickly found however that not any driver would suit a tapped horn. For example, as ownership of a several 12 Ciare drivers a logical and initial route to take to help save money was to use these drivers. Dick pierce: Closed boxes store energy that interacts with the loudspeaker driver in complex ways, especially in vented enclosures. Boxes themselves also have resonances. Normally a high-Q closed box is combined with low-Q loudspeaker driver to give a desirable total system Q. But when we mount a loudspeaker driver on an open baffle this situation is reversed. An open baffle stores no energy and has a low-Q of 0.2 and Carver chose to use a high-Q woofer with a total Q of 3+ to arrive at a desirable total system Q. Sound is the element which occurs when an object is set to vibrate. Reproduced sound can be seen as an art to reinforce these inputs accompanied using sciences of physics, mechanical and electrical engineering. Loudspeakers have evolved considerably since E. W. Siemens built the first moving-coil transducer in 1875. Bibliography Ludwig. (1997). Thiele Small Analysis of Loudspeaker Enclosures. Available: http://www.silcom.com/~aludwig/Sysdes/Thiel_small_analysis.htm. Last accessed 10 April 21010. D. Pierce. (1995). what is Q. rec.audio.tech. 1 (1), 1. S.Stark (2004). Live Sound Reinforcement. 9th ed. Michigan: Artist Pro. 143. B. Kolbrek. (2008). Horn Theory: An introduction, Part 1. Tube, Solid State, Loudspeaker Technology. 1 (1), 1. J.Dinsdale. (1974). Horn Loudspeaker Design. . 1 (1), 1. J. D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics (Wiley: New York, 1998 )

The Cycle of Poverty :: US poverty essay, social issues

America is one of the wealthiest nations on earth with having a high inequality than other industrialized country. Inequality exists in income, wealth, power and education. Persons who are legally and socially poor in the United states tend to stay in a cycle through life, not always by choice but because they are given fewer opportunities, education and tools to achieve success. Poverty class has a much larger income gap than the upper class, the American Dream is lessens through opportunity and is shown through statistics. Inequality exist and is high in America because the amount of income and wealth that is distributed through power. In America the income distribution is very inequality and the value of a person wealth is based on their income with their debts subtracted. â€Å"As of 2007, the top 1% of households (the upper class) owned 34.6% of all privately held wealth, and the 19% (the managerial, professional, and small business stratum) had 50.5%, which means that just 20% of the people owned a remarkable 85%, leaving only 15% of the wealth for the bottom 80% (wage and salary workers)† (Domhoff, 2011). In contrary the poor do not get ahead and the rich get more. Americans are judged and placed in class categories through their home ownership which translates to wealth. Americans social class is often associated with their assets and wealth. â€Å"People seek to own property, to have high incomes, to have interesting and safe jobs, to enjoy the finest in travel and leisure, and to live long and healthy lives† (Domhoff, 2011). Power indicates how these â€Å"values† are not distributed equally in American society. Huge gains for the rich include cuts in capital gains and dividends and when tax rates decrease for the tiny percent of Americans income is redistributed. Taxes directly affect the wealth and income of Americans every year. â€Å"For most Americans, the word ‘poverty’ suggests destitution: an inability to provide a family with nutritious food, clothing, and reasonable shelter† (Rector, 2007). Poverty can be socially defined through severe deprivation of education, food, safe water, sanitation, and health care regardless of one’s income. The U.S. Department of Health and human Services periodically updates poverty guidelines and depending on what state you live in the guidelines range.

Recent advances in medical technology

The two articles What is telecasters? And ‘Do we know too much? Illustrate what the evolution of medical technology is and how it improves people's life. Both articles provide medical studies to support the curative effects. Furthermore, although there are still some limitations or negative aspects toward the progressions, It Is believed that those will be solved with time. In the article What Is telecasters? ‘ the author elucidates how its operation differs from traditional surgery.It Is revealed that doctor an give a remote operation by using robotic arms connected to fiber-optic cables without distance and facilities restrictions. However, some people doubts If robots can be relied on; the author also states that It might not function well due to the network access and compatibility of computer. The second article alms to address the question of what happens If we can extract Information from our genes. By genetic tests, we can aware of the genetic disorder that we mig ht suffer from and prevent contracting certain diseases.Currently, large range of disorders can be detected by complex genetic tests such as newborn screening, diagnostic, carrier and predictive testing. By the progression of medical technology, we are able to lead a longer and healthier life, furthermore, tests can be used to blood relationship testing and applied to crack down on crime. However, some people worry about that it might result In some negative impact toward their living. As the remarkable development on therapy introduced in the essays, human beings benefit greatly from telecasters and genetic tests; though they are still some limitations and difficulties need to be coped with.

What are the factors that have caused British political parties to change their policies on the EU since 1970?

Abstract There are a number of different factors that have caused British political parties to change their policies on the EU, yet it is often very difficult to determine what these are. Whilst some may suggest that it is down to a change in public attitudes (Ladrech, 2001, p. 4), others would argue that party position changes occur as a result of â€Å"environmental incentives with party organisation† (Schumacher et al; 2009, p. 1). Regardless, EU integration is one of the main issues that has divided British political parties since the 1970’s and Britain’s EU membership has had a significant impact upon political parties. Hence, the two main themes that have run through the main parties with regards to the EU are division and fragmentation, which has led many to believe that ‘Europe’ has essentially become a â€Å"cause of political cleavage† (Smith, 2012, p. 1277) that has widely impacted mainstream political parties. This study will therefore anal yse the changing approaches of British political parties since the 1970’s in order to determine what factors have led to a change in policies. Introduction Introduction to the Study Since the United Kingdom became a member of the European Union, there has been a significant amount of controversy that has surrounded the move. The UK had been trying to join the EU since 1961, yet its membership was rejected by the French President. It wasn’t until 1973 when the UK finally became a member and although a referendum was held two years later, which resulted in the public voting in favour of the UK’s membership, many have continued to question whether it was in fact a good move. Accordingly, some have argued against further EU integration, whilst others have argued for complete EU withdrawal. This so-called Euroscepticism has existed since the very beginning and has had a significant impact upon the policies of British political parties. In accordance with this, it will be considered what factors actually caused British political parties to change their policies on the EU since 1970.Research Objective The objective o f this research is to consider what causes British political parties to change their EU policies and to determine what parties are cautious of further EU integration. It will also allow an assessment to be made as to whether there are any parties who support the withdrawal from the EU. Thus, it will also be shown that debate surrounding the EU has not been sustained and that many challenges still exist, causing many to question Britain’s EU membership.Literature ReviewIntroduction When the UK became a member of the EU, every political party was in agreement, yet many debates have subsequently been made as to whether it was the right decision to make. Hence, the debates between Eurosceptics and EU supporters are still ongoing in British political parties today, though there the views of the Conservative and Labour parties are diverse and appear to change frequently. Accordingly, during the 1970’s and 1980’s the Labour party appeared to be more Europsceptic than the Conservative party and thereby pledged â€Å"to extricate ourselves from the Treaty of Rome and other Community treaties† (Politea, 2007, p. 1). During the 1990’s, however, the Conservative party appeared to be moving in the same direction by making a pledge not to co-operate with the EU. Nevertheless, public support for the EU began to grow since it was believed that the EU would be a good thing for Britain, especially after the Thatcherism era. As such, â€Å"Europe app eared to be fundamental to the government’s attempts to revise the Thatcher settlement and symbolized a modification of some of its less palatable elements† (Gifford, 2008, p. 114). Literature Review Regardless of the EU’s initial support, Eurosceptiscim is still rife in Britain today and many questions have been raised as to why British political parties have continued to change their policies on the EU since the UK’s integration in 1970. Whilst some argue that material factors, such as anti-market and anti-capitalist, are the reason why the policies have shifted, others believe that ideology, such as national sovereignty and anti-immigration is the reason for the shift. Nonetheless, as put by Kopecky (2002, p. 297); â€Å"ideology is the dominant explanation for both types of support, although strategy at times plays a role in explaining specific support.† Regardless, it has been argued that â€Å"the Chevenementists’ shift away from left-right positioning has not paid off electorally† (Milner, 2004, p. 59). This is widely due to the mistrust the public will have in political parties who frequently change their stance and although there may be a number of different factors as to why this happens the public will be fearful of neo-liberal policies. Still, others believe that the changes in policies are primarily the result of Britain’s desire to maintain independence and sovereignty (Harmsen and Spiering, 2005, p. 14). Whether Britain’s current policies will be maintained is doubtful, especially in light of the recent policy changes: â€Å"The last two and a half years have seen the biggest change of Britain’s European policy in its four-decade membership of the European Union† (Teasdale, 2013, p. 1). Theoretical Approaches A Culturalist theory of political change will be used in this study in order to explain why political change occurs. This appears to be the most appropriate way to determine what factors have caused British political parties to change their policies on the EU since 1970. This is because; Culturalist theory is based on the idea that people do not respond directly to situations they face and that instead situations are seen through orientations (Eckstein, 1988, p. 790). Hence, orientations are how information is processed and can be changed depending on what is being taught. Accordingly, as noted by Eckstein (1992, p. 281); â€Å"a cogent, potentially powerful theory of political change can be derived from Culturalist premises.† Research Question What factors have caused British political parties to change their policies on the EU? How have attitudes towards Europe shifted amongst the two main parties? Proposed Methodology In obtaining the relevant information for this study it will be necessary to use a secondary research approach. This is because, already existing data will be capable of being collected and then analysed in order to reach an appropriate conclusion. This is the most cost effective and efficient way of collecting data and is more feasible than using primary research. Hence, it would be difficult to gain access to political parties in order to obtain their views. Therefore, for the purposes of this study; it would be impracticable to use primary research. Opinions will thus be acquired from relevant scholars, theorists, politicians and academics in order to allow a general overview of the topic to be provided. These will be obtained from textbooks, journal articles, online legal databases and governmental reports. References Eckstein, H. (1992) Regarding Politics: Essays on Political Theory, Stability and Change, University of California Press. Gifford, C. (2008) The Making of Eurosceptic Britain: Identity and Economy in a Post-Imperial State, Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Harmsen, R. and Spiering, M. (2005) Eurosceptism, Rodopi. Jansen, J. J. and Jansen, S. J. M. (2011) Fiscal Sovereignty of the Member States in an Internal Market: Past Future, Kluwer Law International. Kopecky, P. (2002) The Two Sides of Euroscepticism, Party Positions on European Integration in East Central Europe, European Union Politics, SAGE Journals, Volume 3, No. 3. Ladrech, R. (2001) Europeanization and Political Parties: Towards a Framework for Analysis, Keele University, [Online] Available: bdi.mfa.government.bg/†¦/†¦ [05 April, 2013]. Milner, S. (2004) For an Alternative Europe: Euroscepticism and the French Left Since the Maastricth Treaty, [Online] Available: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/rodopi/es/2004/00000020/00000001/art00004 [02 April, 2013]. Schumacher, G., de Vris, C. E., and Vis, B., (2009) Why Political Parties Change Their Positions: Environmental Incentives & Party Organisation, [05 April, 2013]. Smith, J. (2012) The European Dividing Line in Party Politics, International Affairs, 6. Teasdale, A. (2013) Will Eurosis Condemn Britain to be an Outsider Looking InEUROPP, [Online] Available: http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2013/03/05/uk-eu-outsider/ [03 April, 2013].

Effects of War on Soldier in Generals Die in Bed

The Horror of war on the Soldier in Charles Yale Harrison’s Generals Die in Bed Eng 22 PB 963 Words Some people say that war can change a man. What exactly do they mean by this phrase? What are some possible things that a soldier could experience in war? What are some things a soldier has experienced enough of that can fundamentally change his life? In Charles Yale Harrison’s novel Generals Die in Bed, the horror of war is a vital theme and is characterized through many challenges the narrator encounters in the novel.The horror of war is portrayed throughout the novel through things such as having a perpetual fear of the unknown, the psychological effects of war, and conclusively: death. Not knowing what is going to happen is always an intimidating feeling. The idea of not knowing what is coming up always makes us believe that something horrendous is going to take place. In Generals Die in Bed, a non-stop fear of the unknown is an important point throughout the novel. I n war, there are only millions of things that could take place during one single day.Charles Harrison has made this point clear to the readers by focusing on one scenario after another of unexpected events right in the narrator’s face. It is through what the narrator experiences that we glimpse the true nature of war. In Chapter 4, â€Å"Back to the Round†, the narrator and the rest of his company have to move around the trenches on their bellies. This is because there are snipers in the trees which causes consistent fear of death. Although they identify that there is a sniper, they still fear it because they cannot anticipate exactly when he will strike. Sooner or later this German sniper, who keeps us cowering in a cold fear, will be caught in an advance by our troops. † Also in chapter 4, the character of Brown, is killed by the sniper. Brown’s death would have made the narrator even more frightened of the unknown because he now knows what a sniper is t ruly capable of. This is the same fear that drove the narrator to long for a biting hunger for safety. This would seemingly show us exactly why the narrator would dismay the unknown. â€Å"The shattering explosions splinter the air in a million fragments. † â€Å"The air shrieks and catcalls. â€Å"The air screams and howls like an insane woman. † These are all statements that the narrator uses to interpret the sounds a shell makes as it collides through the sky and as it climactically annihilate anything and everything around it. These sounds would drive anyone psychotic. How can the soldiers even go through the war without going deaf? Being exposed to those noise levels would have a few long term effects on human being. In London, it is visible to us that the narrator has been affected in some way or another, by even exposure to the deafening sounds. Bang! An explosion on the street. I leap to my feet. My hearth thumps. She laughs. † That bang was in reality j ust a motorbike back firing. Since the narrator had been so used to the loud sounds that were made when being shelled, he started to consider that every single loud sound is either a gunshot or a sound of a shell going off. This clearly shows us that war can psychologically affect soldiers for long periods of time, maybe even for the rest of their lives. This can be considered as a horror of war because it is a lifelong consequence.Generals Die in Bed should not all be classified as a typical war novel because all of the deaths that occur in the novel, the death of the enemy German soldier â€Å"Karl† is what stands out the most. This is because out of all of the deaths the narrator has witnessed, Karl’s death is what truly affected his life the most. â€Å"The image of Karl, he who died on my bayonet, seems to stand before my eyes. The shaking becomes worse. The movements are those one of who is palsied. † The feeling of knowing that you have killed a man would be unbearable.The narrator himself could not take it. â€Å"I begin to sob. I am alone. † The nature of his language highlights the damage war causes. This shows psychological effect that the narrator would have had to bear with himself for the rest of his life. The constant fear of war is something that cannot be avoided. This constant fear is what drives soldiers to keep fighting. This constant fear is the fear of death and the soldiers are fighting for survival. Death is one of the distinct, recurring themes that Charles Harrison has plainly placed in Generals Die in Bed for a purpose.The idea of having to witness a comrade dying is a horrible thing. Death is an important point of the horrors of war because death takes everything from an individual. It strips them of their honour, dignity, memories and their life. The narrator is stripped of his friends. The people he had considered brothers throughout the novel. â€Å"Like the hundreds of other men I had seen die, Broad bent dies like a little boy too – weeping, calling for his mother. † The most important word in that quote is â€Å"hundreds. The narrator clearly shows us that he has witnessed many men dying. Without any doubt, death summarizes â€Å"the horror of war. † The narrator, who is still nameless, is a perfect example of one of the horrors of war. The way the narrator is kept nameless throughout the course of the novel is proof that war can transfer loss of individuality and loss of one self. The way that this clearly is kept constant throughout the course of the novel also proves that the horror of war is the underlying theme of Generals Die in Bed.