My Career As A Career - 709 Words

When I sit back and think about where I have come from, and where I see myself in the next few years, I can’t help but look back and think about the progress I’ve already made. The changes I made in my life from the kid that came out of school unsure of what he wanted, then becoming a Psychology major in college, then changing my major to Fire Science to pursue a career as a fire fighter, later finding out that the market in my area was flooded with too many professional fire fighters. When I finally came to terms with making a life for myself, I joined the United States Army and became and Combat Medic (Emergency Medical Technician) with an additional specialty of Radiology Technologist (RT). The life style and career change I found for†¦show more content†¦(Army Surgeon General and U.S. Army Medical Command headquarters) Online learning has been an advantage to reaching the goals needed for this field, and the ability to take many of the classes required from the environment of the military workplace, full of time changes and new mission requirements. Having access to online labs, at home anatomy studies, and professors able to help you from the other side of the nation have all had a unique place to the up-and-coming medical professionals. Without these technological resources, we would be unable to take the base coursework needed to complete our general studies, nor would we be able to continue our long-term coursework to complete our four-year degree requirements to continue forward to the PA Master’s degree program. Though the path to any degree may seem shaky and uncertain for some, especially in times of hardship, confidence can be had in this field as well. As quoted from the Department of Labor, â€Å"There has been a projected growth of 30 percent from 2014 to 2024, much faster than the average for all occupations. As demand for healthcare services grows, physician assistants will be needed to provide care to patients (†¦) with an average salary of $101,480 annually at approximately $48.79 per hour.† (US Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics) While the steps and processesShow MoreRelatedMy Career As A Career800 Words   |  4 Pagesbusiness owner lay a mystery in time. As I approach my time to attend college, I must choose what exactly I would study, so I could form a career out of it. In my seventeen years of life so far, I have had three predominant career choices: a neurologist, a writer, or a chemist. I’ve always wanted to be a physician of some sorts. This aspiration began in the very beginning of my life. When I was young, I would attend doctor appointments with my mother. I would notice how the doctor could accuratelyRead MoreMy Career As A Career745 Words   |  3 PagesSince childhood we are asked as children by adults what we want to do as a career. As children we give answers like doctors or teachers. As years go by and high school graduation looms some of those teenagaers still have the same careers in minds as they did as kids. While for many teenagers there dream career has changed many times. During college many of these teenagers pick majors that suit their interests and they know what they want to do for the rest of their lives. Then there are people thatRead MoreMy Career As A Career979 Words   |  4 Pages Since starting college in 2014 I have changed my major three times. I started out knowing exactly what I wanted to do as a career. I never wanted to merely work or have a job, I’ve always been someone who wanted to enjoy what I do regardless of the challenges or level of difficulty. I started out as a Biology major hoping to go into medical school, everything was set and I enjoyed all the classes I was taking until my second semester when I started chemistry. Technically I did fine, but the classRead MoreMy Career As A Career874 Words   |  4 Pagesmetabolism or expanding my horsemanship knowledge, it makes my brain happy. I have developed strong business acumen, valuing existing relationships and always cultivating new connections. My goal is to make everyday some kind of awesome, the parts of it I love and the parts I don t. I have always been fond of animals and as I matured I desired a career that would allow me to provide the health and quality of life for all kinds animals. I was reluctant to pursue a career in veterinary medicine becauseRead MoreMy Career As A Career1126 Words   |  5 Pagespicture myself doing as a career. I thought that by the time I was in college, I would have it figured out, as it turns out I am still not a hundred percent sure on a major, but I do have a major that really interests me which is psychology. My absolute goal while I am in college is to be able to say that I am completely happy with my major a psychology major. I want to be able to say that I did the very best that I could and graduate with a 3.5 GPA. When I think about a career that I would enjoy doingRead MoreMy Career As A Career1283 Words   |  6 Pagesknow what exactly what I wanted to do with a career. I was between two careers trying to figure out what would be best for me. The CIT career would be nice to learn something entirely new and at the same time tie it in with business some how. The problem I was having is trying to figure out what I was going to do with it. Doing the first set of activities in this class allowed me to learn what I really wanted in a job and what I can do with out. My career must allow me freedom to choose what I wantRead MoreMy Career As A Career Essay1720 Words   |  7 PagesFrom the time I was a little girl till now, I have consistently changed my mind on what I wanted to do for a career as I got older. Like every other little kid, I dreamed of being many things including: a professional gymnast, pop star, FBI agent, scrapbook artist, astronaut, orthopedic surgeon, chef, criminal science and the first person to cure cancer. I continued to change my mind until I reached my freshman year of basketball when I helped teach kindergarten through third grade at a summer campRead MoreMy Career As A Career725 Words   |  3 Pages There are a lot of things to take into consideration when thinking about where I want my life to go after I graduate high school. One piece of advice that I have been given is this; â€Å"Passi ons come and go. If you want to be satisfied with your life and your career make sure you’re helping people.† These two simple sentences have driven me to pursue a higher degree that I know will be put to good use. Going into the medical field was an obvious answer. I’d actually always been very reluctantRead MoreMy Career As A Career3874 Words   |  16 PagesOccupation Research Paper Introduction I first stumbled onto pursuing a career in pharmacy in grade nine during my technology and communications class when we had to make career pamphlets. Pharmacy, NOC number 3131, was the first career I chose since I like science and wanted to go into that field (). Researching this career, many aspects of this job had similar values which persuade me in to pursing this career. I was always been fascinated by science throughout high school and later on pursuedRead MoreMy Career As A Career963 Words   |  4 PagesI have known in my heart since I was a little girl what I wanted to be when I grew up. It was not a stereotypical child’s dream such as a doctor or an astronaut; my vision was instead something that has shaped my actions and decisions throughout my life. In the last few years I have realized that my passion for helping people is a natural calling that I am destined to follow. As a child I went through a lot of therapy to help cope with different situations that I was challenged with and ever since

The Life of a Slave Essay - 1189 Words

The Life of a Slave Imagine, if you will, rising earlier than the sun, eating a mere â€Å"snack†- lacking essentially all nutritional value - and trekking miles to toil in the unforgiving climate of the southern states, and laboring until the sun once again slipped under the horizon. Clad only in the rags your master provided (perhaps years ago), you begin walking in the dark the miles to your â€Å"home.† As described by the writers Jacob Stroyer and Josiah Henson, this â€Å"home† was actually a mere thatched roof, that you built with your own hands, held up by pathetic walls, over a dirt floor and you shared this tiny space with another family. Upon return to â€Å"home,† once again you eat the meager rations you were provided, and fall into bed†¦show more content†¦As seen in the writings of countless authors such as John Barbot and James Barbot, Jr., slaves faced unbearable living conditions in disease infested ships and often starved to death or died during their transatlantic voyage. Slaves were surrounded by the unfamiliar skin of the white man, as well as a dialect unknown to their ears. Unable to communicate, he suffered from not only the reality of his situation, but also the uncertainty of the future. Unable to cope, many slaves committed suicide in hopes of returning to their home, at least in spirit. Once, and if, they finally made it to the Americas, they were sold at auction and forever separated from any kin they may have had. As life continued, many slaves did adapt to the language, but few were ever able to fully embrace the culture – a culture that seemed to thrive on their demise and suffering. Once a slave acculturated himself to his â€Å"new home,† he found himself unable to re-establish his family ties. Even if a slave was lucky enough to find a significant other, often times they were separated by sale, as can be seen in the account of Laura Spicer and her lost love. Moreover, couples often found their children sold off to other masters never to be seen or heard from again, at ages as young as eight years old. Therefore, a slave’s life was full of perpetual uncertainty, and fear of abandonment and neglect. Their bonds of love were never enough to out-weigh the voice ofShow MoreRelatedThe Life of Slaves926 Words   |  4 PagesUntil recently, the historical and sociological focus on slavery had been limited to that of what the slaveholders did to the slaves and how they were treated. The new focus on â€Å"what enslaved men, women, and children did when the owners were not around,† (Schwartz 2001: pg 2) offers a new perspective on the communit y most affected by the institution of slavery. Having a more complete view of this institution provides greater context for understanding the ripple-affect of oppression within the AfricanRead MoreThe Daily Life Of A Slave964 Words   |  4 PagesThe daily life of a slave in North Carolina was incredibly difficult. Hard workers, especially those in the field, played from sunrise until sundown. Even small kids and the elderly were not exempt from these long work hours. Slaves were generally granted a day off on Sunday, and on infrequent holidays such as Christmas or the Fourth of July. During their few hours of gratuitous time, most slaves did their own personal study. The diet supplied by slaveholders was generally short, and slaves often supplementedRead Morethe life of a field slave VS the house Slave948 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ The Life of a Field Slave VS the House Slave Slavery was a ruthless and dreadful way of life for all slaves. Yet there were differences in rank between slaves. Minor class slaves were â€Å"field slaves†. Superior class slaves were â€Å"house slaves†. The daily routines of these slaves differed to a great extent. Field slaves only function was production. Their duties were to plant and cultivate the crops, clear the land, flame the undergrowth, roll the wood, split rails, transport waterRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl The Typical Slave Family1754 Words   |  8 Pages1619 the first African slaves arrived into the United States to help with the production of crops that colonies like Jamestown needed assistance in gathering. With the idea of cheap labor being introduced the slavery system was created and would eventually evolve into a nightmare of constant abuse and cruelty. Slaves were thought of as just items to be owned and possessed no legal power. They were given scraps of food and small portions of water to split amongst other slaves who lived on or aroundRead MoreLife as a Slave in the autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave834 Words   |  4 PagesI don’t know why my life is of interest to you, as far as I’m concerned, I didn’t do anything miraculous, like raise the dead or cure cancer. But if my story will motivate someone to fight against human injustice, then I will tell you all about it. My story began as Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, on a cold February day around 1818, in Talbot County, Maryland. I was born into slavery, to a black woman, Harriet Bailey, and a white father, who I would never know. They took me from my grandmotherRead MoreIncidents in the Life of a Slave Girl1112 Words   |  4 Pages In the non-fiction book â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl,† by Harriet A. Jacobs and published in Boston in 1861. The author Jacobs was born into slavery in 1813, in a town called Edenton, North Carolina. Jacob uses the pseudonym Linda Brent to narrate her first person account. The book opens with Jacobs stating her reasons for writing a biography of her life story. Her story is agonizing and she had rather have kept it confidential, although she felt that by making it public thatRead MoreIncidents in the Life of a Slave Girl1455 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl,† Harriet Jacobs gives a detailed account of the life story of â€Å"Linda Brent† which is the pseudo name for herself, outlining the events which primarily focuses on her escape from her slave master, â€Å"Dr. Flint.† After learning that Dr. Flint has already fathered 11 children from his slaves, it is hard to imagine why he is never able to successful pursue Linda. After all, just based on the sheer number of his incidents of sexual relations with his slaves, it would seemRead More Life of a Slave on the Plantation Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pages Life of a Slave on the Plantation African slavery started at the 16th century and ended in the 19th century. Slave life was the most brutal and disrespected period of America. When Africans first stepped foot on the slave ships coming to America things were bad. The white man beat, raped, and treated the black men like animals. Life on the plantation wasn’t any better. The slaves didn’t work for a paycheck, they worked for their lives. The black man had difficulties adapting to the environmentRead MoreThe Life of Slaves in 1850 Essay928 Words   |  4 Pages Slaves in 1850 couldn’t do much with their lives. They could stay on their master’s plantation and do all sorts of extremely hard labor, get beaten, and experience what it is like to have family members sold away. Or they could try to escape. When a slave would try to run away he would normally have people sent, by his master, to hunt him down. If the slave was found he would most likely be killed; however, frequently all of the other slaves would have to watch him be executed and then later wouldRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave By Harriet Jacob Essay1505 Words   |  7 Pagespeople were treated so badly and it was â€Å"normal,† it was acceptable. These slaves lived and worked in very harsh conditions. I believe the only reason why we know so much about how bad slaves were treated is because of three autobiographies, Incidents in the Life of a Slave by Harriet Jacob, Autobiography of Frederick Douglass by Frederick Douglass, who had a huge impact during the times of slavery, and Twelve Years a Slave by Solomon Northup. Because of these three autobiographies historians can

Modern Business in Comparative Perspective Method

Question: Discuss about the Modern Business in Comparative Perspective Method. Answer: Introduction: Porters Diamond concept can be identified as a theory that can be utilized in explaining the competitive advantages of the countries. As mentioned by Negishi (2014) the theory developed by Heckscher-Ohlin about the competitive success of the nations identified that the countries use their resources for being successful in the international business competition. This model failed to answer how the countries do it. Porters Diamond model answers this question. However, the model proposed by Porter has been criticised with the arguments of the management school and the economic school. Moreover, many critics have identified that the model can only be applied in the context of the developed economies. However, with many other criticisms it can be considered as another inconclusive theory for analysing the national competitiveness. As mentioned by Fainshmidt, Smith and Judge (2016) the diamond model of Porter advocates that four different factors (demand conditions, factor conditions, related and supporting industries, and the Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry) in a country determines the competitive stance of a country. Thus, the diamond model is able to identify the causes of major national business projects or the reasons of failures of some others. However, as argued by Shu, Lin and Ye (2013) this model has downplayed a number of crucial factors like the national governmental authority, the FDIs or the role of the MNCs in creating competitiveness or providing inputs into the progress of the national businesses. The diamond model and how it explains the national competitive successes: As mentioned by Kharub and Sharma (2016) the diamond model has identified that with the domestic demand for an industry, the supporting national infrastructure, existence of local supporting industries and the structure of the firms or the completion in the domestic market serve as the factors of competitive advantage for a country. According to Jambor and Babu (2016) with a huge concentration on the domestic factors, this model of Porter states that the domestic demand provides a scope for the companies to excel in a certain industry and the supporting industries help the companies to flourish. Moreover, Porter has identified that the factor like lack of land has helped the Japanese engineers to exile in manufacturing industry (Porter 2011). Thus, the diamond model identifies the factors those are influential in creating national competitiveness. A mere tautology: However, a number of criticisms have declared the theory of Porter as a mere tautology. As mentioned by Porter (2011) this particular model has made a case study of some economically developed countries has made an analysis of the cause of their development in the industrial and business sectors. This particular model has merely identified how those factors were initiated into the economy; rather it has explained how those factors have influenced the growth of businesses in that particular economy. In the case of Germany, the diamond model of porter has discussed that the strong base of the research and development sector of the country has positively influenced the growth of the chemical industry in Germany. However, the model has missed to identify what has initiated the establishment of the chemical industry or the research and development sector itself. Moreover, as identified by Alexandros and Metaxas (2016) the diamond model of porter has described that the domestic demand of t he cameras and the knowledge of the domestic customers about this product in Japan is being helpful for the nation to develop its success in the international camera business. However, the model has not identified what has created this particular pattern of demand within the market of Japan. As discussed by Riasi (2015) while considering the case of France, Porter has also identified the domestic demand as the cause of success or quality improvement of the wine industry in France. The model has typically ignored the cause of this demand within that market. Thus, the diamond model has merely stated the factors helped in business growth but it has failed to identify the origin of those factors and how those can be initiated for a market which lacks such factors. By failing to provide any theory about the different factors or demand creation the diamond model has become a mere tautology. Moreover, a number of critics have identified the applicability and validity of the diamond model of porter as limited. As mentioned by Wilson (2016) the model is basically a case study of a few economically developed countries and two newly industrial countries, Singapore and Korea. Hence, as mentioned by Riasi (2015) the proposals of the theory is more likely to be applicable or relevant to the economically developed countries. Empirical contravention: On the other hand, some empirical contravention of the provided theory of Porter has posed question on its validity for explaining the causes of competitive advantage among the countries. As mentioned by Fainshmidt, Smith and Judge (2016) in the discussion of porter, he has studied eight developed and two newly industrialized countries, Korea and Singapore. With the analysis of porter, he speculated that Korea is going to attain an advanced status of business in coming decades, whereas he has identified Singapore as a factor driven company which is less likely to attain a significant growth as compared to Korea. However, as identified by Tan and Ho (2015) since the publication of the discussion of Porter, Singapore has been identified as a more successful economy in business than Korea. This empirical difference has raised a doubt regarding the validity of the diamond model for determining a nation's competitiveness. Single diamond vs. Double diamond model: As mentioned by Kharub and Sharma (2016) Michel porter has defined that a strong national diamond or home base is a prerequisite for being internationally competitive. However, a number of critics have identified that a number of small scale economy that have entered into the international business and being successful, do not necessarily have a national diamond. Rugman and DCruz have identified that Canada typically lacks a strong demand conditions in its domestic diamond; however the strong and sophisticated foreign demand from the US diamond has helped the country to conduct a successful foreign business (Rugman and D'cruz 1993). Rugman and DCruz have successfully identified the lack of analysis or the limitation of the diamond model in reference to the foreign assistance. Ignorance to the importance of globalization and multinational companies: On the other hand, as identified by Liargovas and Apostolopoulos (2014) Porters lack of concentration on the importance of the multinational activities has limited itself in identifying the cause of growth of export-import business of various countries. The work of Cartwright identified that New Zealand has used the scope of globalization in conducting an export business with more than hundred countries, which has been ignored by the diamond model of Porter (Shu, Lin and Ye 2013). As mentioned by Riasi (2015) in the case of New Zealand, the Porter model could not explain the success of export-dependent and resource-based industries. Therefore, applications of Porter's home-based diamond require careful consideration and appropriate modification. In addition to this, Fainshmidt, Smith and Judge (2016) has identified that the home based focus of the diamond theory identified by Porter ignores the importance of the international countries in developing or improving the competitive stance in a certain nation. In the context of globalization, a domestic market is not necessarily important for many of the companies. As mentioned by Riasi (2015) the deregulation of world economy has opened the opportunity for various companies to operate in a stronger foreign market than its domestic market with less demand. Here the example of the KPO industry in the countries like India or Bangladesh can be cited (Javalgi et al. 2013). As per the Diamond model of Porter, for development of this industry the domestic demand or the supporting industries needed to be assertive or helpful. However, it proved to be wrong in the context of these countries. As discussed by Fainshmidt, Smith and Judge (2016) the growth of this industry in these nations i s typically driven by the scopes opened by the globalization, demand in the global market and the double diamond model. The Late Development Theory: As identified by Clifton, Glasmeier and Sheth (2016) a number of countries like Japan, Taiwan, Mexico or India are growing industrially by using their learnt knowledge of technology or market from the countries which took part in the first and second industrial revolution. According to Alice Amsden, while the countries like the USA, the UK or Germany is being successful with product or process innovation, the late developers like Brazil, India, Turkey or South Korea is competing on the basis of low wages, experience in using the technologies and state subsidies. However, the diamond model of Porter has ignored this particular historical dimension in its suggested factors for analysing the national competitiveness. The missing dimensions in Porters model: While identifying the missing dimensions of Porters model regarding competitive advantage, it is important to describe the contribution of Chandler in this same factor. As mentioned by Chandler, the structure follows the strategy. As described by Takahashi (2016) the case study of Chandler discusses that depending on the changes in the technological trends and the market demand, the large corporations make changes in their strategies. Now, depending on the demands of the strategy or the new created market trend, he companies make changes in the organizational structure to perfectly use the created market opportunity. With the establishment of the new strategies the companies become able to excel in their production and creating economies of scale which directs them to obtain competitive advantage. As discussed by Galbraith (2014) in the explanation of Chandler, he used the cases of Ford which transformed the car market by utilizing the strategies of Mass production, standardization e tc. which also drove GM to introduce the strategy of diversification of mass produced goods and multi department hierarchical management. Thus, the car industry of the US got a competitive advantage. However, the diamond model of Porter has missed the dimension of technological advancement and managerial strategies. As discussed by Fainshmidt, Smith and Judge (2016) Porters theory identified the way of national factors influencing competitive advantage, whereas the thesis of Chandler indentified the environmental factors like technology or market need those should be included in the diamond model of Porter. Moreover, Chandlers thesis has focused on the importance of management or strategies also needed to be included in the dimensions of Porters diamond model. The cultural aspects: In spite of the broad coverage of the Diamond model of Porter, Van den Bosch and Van Prooijen have identified that the model has failed to integrate the factor called national culture which is a significant influencing the business pattern in a certain country (Van Den Bosch and Van Prooijen 1992). As mentioned by Wilson (2016) Porter himself noted that many aspects of a nation such as attitude towards authority, norms of interpersonal interaction, attitude towards management and social norms influence the way firms are organized and managed. As identified by Van Den Bosch and Van Prooijen (1992) the culture of high work ethics or high saving rates of the Japanese citizens are influential in their success in a number of business enterprises. Moreover, the Japanese culture or belief of long term employment and incremental growth provides a scope to the domestic companies to specialise. Thus, the cultural aspects of a nation hugely contribute to the competitive advantage of a country. The role of government: As mentioned by Fainshmidt, Smith and Judge (2016) one of the greatest frailty of the diamond model of Porter is its failure to include the role of the national governmental authority in shaping desired success of the national industries or companies. As mentioned by Riasi (2015) depending on the polity or the national trade policy the companies become able to operate or excel in a certain industry. A government that follows a capitalist economy is more supportive to the business enterprises than a communist or socialist government. Moreover, as mentioned by Fainshmidt, Smith and Judge (2016) in the world of globalization, the governmental policy about the foreign trades is typically influential in the international success of a domestic company. Moreover, with an open economic policy the government can collect foreign investment to revitalize a domestic industry or the factor endowments like the labour efficiency or the structural factors like the improvement of the communication or infrastructure or many more. Thus, the diamond mode of porter has failed a major factor to include in within its framework. The importance of FDI: As mentioned earlier, the diamond model of porter has neglected the impact of globalization or the MNCs in creating competitive advantage for the domestic companies. As mentioned by Riasi (2015) Porter has argued that the FDI is more likely to create an erosion in the market share of the domestic companies. However, little empirical evidences have supported it. In most of the cases the foreign FDIs has revitalised the domestic companies and create competitiveness within them. The recent example of TATAs takeover to Jaguar can be identified as such an example (Fainshmidt, Smith and Judge 2016). Conclusion: Hence, in conclusion it can be said that the diamond model of Michel porter cannot define or analyse the causes of international business success of certain economies exclusively. The models over concentration on the domestic circumstances or single national diamond has limited the applicability and validity of the model as a standard framework for the explanation of the achievements of major national business systems. As per the above mentioned discussion, it can be said that the model needs to include some other aspects like international business relations, double diamond frames, the cultural factors and the importance of the government as the missing factors for analyzing the cause of the national competitive advantages. References: Alexandros, P.N. and Metaxas, T., 2016. Porter vs Krugman: History, Analysis and Critique of Regional Competitiveness. Journal of Economics and Political Economy, 3(1), pp.65-80. Clifton, J., Glasmeier, A. and Sheth, A., 2016. Revisiting development theory: Alice H. Amsdens impact on the field.. Fainshmidt, S., Smith, A. and Judge, W.Q., 2016. National Competitiveness and Porter's Diamond Model: The Role of MNE Penetration and Governance Quality. Global Strategy Journal, 6(2), pp.81-104. Galbraith, J.R., 2014. Designing organizations: strategy, structure, and process at the business unit and enterprise levels. John Wiley Sons. Jambor, A. and Babu, S., 2016. Competitiveness: Definitions, Theories and Measurement. In Competitiveness of Global Agriculture (pp. 25-45). Springer International Publishing. Javalgi, R.R.G., Benoy Joseph, W., Granot, E. and Gross, A.C., 2013. Strategies for sustaining the edge in offshore outsourcing of services: the case of India. Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, 28(6), pp.475-486. Kharub, M. and Sharma, R.K., 2016. Investigating the role of porter diamond determinants for competitiveness in MSMEs. International Journal for Quality Research, 1(10), pp.471-486. Kharub, M. and Sharma, R.K., 2016. Investigating the role of porter diamond determinants for competitiveness in MSMEs. International Journal for Quality Research, 1(10), pp.471-486. Liargovas, P. and Apostolopoulos, N., 2014. Regional Development And Renewable Energy Enterprises. A Porter'S Diamond Analysis. Theoretical and Practical Research in Economic Fields, 5(1 (9)), p.5. Negishi, T., 2014. HeckscherOhlin Theory (2). In Developments of International Trade Theory (pp. 81-86). Springer Japan. Porter, M.E., 2011. Competitive advantage of nations: creating and sustaining superior performance. Simon and Schuster. Riasi, A., 2015. Competitive advantages of shadow banking industry: An analysis using Porter diamond model. Business Management and Strategy, 6(2), pp.15-27 Rugman, A.M. and D'cruz, J.R., 1993. The" double diamond" model of international competitiveness: The Canadian experience. MIR: Management International Review, pp.17-39. Shu, Y., Lin, L. and Ye, J., 2013. An Empirical Study on China's Service Trade Competitiveness-Based on the Diamond Model. Management Engineering, (13), p.14. Takahashi, N., 2016. Strategy and Structure Follow Technology. Annals of Business Administrative Science, 15(1), pp.15-27. Tan, B.S. and Ho, Y.K., 2015. Singapore as an accountancy hub-a Porter's Diamond perspective. International Journal of Business Competition and Growth, 4(1-2), pp.44-56. Van Den Bosch, F.A. and Van Prooijen, A.A., 1992. The competitive advantage of European nations: The impact of national culturea missing element in porter's analysis?. European Management Journal, 10(2), pp.173-177. Wilson, P., 2016, May. The Impact of Culture on Cluster Competitiveness: a Revised Diamond Model. In Clusters as a Driving Power of the European Economy (pp. 162-175). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Co. KG.

Australian Immigration Laws

Question: Discuss about the Australian Immigration Laws. Answer: Introduction: I am a registered migration agent in Australia who is writing you this application to waiver the condition 8503 attached on my clients visitors visa. The name of the client is Sukhon Chaiprasit who is a 25 years old female Thailand citizen and holds a visitor visa Class FA, subclass 600 (tourist stream) with condition 8503 attached to it. Her visitor visa is about to expire in a couple of days, thus, my client Sukhon Chaiprasit wishes to get the condition 8503 waived on her visitors visa for applying for a fresh substantive visa in Australia. Condition 8503 is imposed on various temporary Australia visa and is referred as a No further stay condition. If condition 8503 is attached to an ones visa, it will means that the said visa holder except for a few exceptions, is not allowed to apply for any other visa in order to extend his stay in any manner till he is present in Australia. The only visa in such cases which is legally permitted to be applied for is the protection visa. Any visa holder with condition 8503 is allowed to apply for a protection visa. The primary reason for introducing the said condition was to ensure the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC)that visa holders with the said condition will leave the Australian territory before the expiry of their visa. The said assurance also allowed the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (DIAC)to sanction more visas as the fear of individuals present in Australia without visa permit was minimized. Thus, condition 8503 on any visa restricts the visa holdi ng on whose visa the condition is applies to apply for any other substantive visa except protection visa while his stay in Australia. The visa holder whose visa has the said condition attached has to leave the Australian land before the expiry of his visa and staying for even a single day extra after expiry of the visa date is illegal and can cause detention of the visa holder to depart him from Australia. In case, the visa holder whose visa has condition 8503 attached to it has to leave the Australian land and go back to his country to apply for a fresh temporary or permanent visa to return to Australia again for a longer period. Thus, condition 8503 restricts a visa holder from applying for any substantive visa while his stay in Australia, however under subsection 41 (2) (a) of the Migration Act 1958 and Regulation 2.05 (4) of the Migration Regulation 1994 he said condition can be waived by the Ministry of Immigration in Australia. To be eligible for the said waiver, the visa hold er has to comply with certain requirements mentioned under the above mentioned legislations. The Regulation 2.05 (4) of the Migration Regulation 1994 states the first requirement for waiver of condition 8503 attached to Australian visa. It states that for waiving condition 8503, the visa holder is required to satisfy the Ministry of Immigration in Australia that some circumstances has changed since the visa was applied for and granted which are beyond the control of the visa holder. Moreover, the visa holder having condition 8503 attached to his visa also has to show that the Ministry has not denied any prior application of waiver. The sub section 41 (2) (a) of the Migration Act 1958 gives the circumstances in which Ministry will accept the waiver application and grant the waiver. Thus, the said section states that the visa holder in order to waiver condition 8503 attached to his visa has to prove that from the time the visa was granted to him, circumstances have drastically changed with compelling reasons which are beyond the control of the visa holder which have resulted i n changed present situation of the visa holder. My client Sukhon Chaiprasit has eligibly complied with subsection 41 (2) (a) of the Migration Act 1958 and Regulation 2.05 (4) of the Migration Regulation 1994 and meets the conditions which are required to grant her waiver of condition 8503 attached to her visitors visa. The lists of compelling reasons in the said case are as follows:- Sukhon Chaiprasit reached Australia holding a visitors visa under sub class 600. While her stay, she was attacked while her say in Melbourne after she was heading back from dinner. She incurred certain injuries during the said attack to which the doctors report stated that Sukhon Chaiprasit should avoid travelling for a period of 6 months She was advised o visit the Australian doctor twice in a week for routine checks Her treatment was financed by the Crimes Compensation Tribunal Additionally, she was the only witness against the attacker in the court proceedings The above reasons are beyond the control and were not anticipated by my client while applying for the visitors visa. My client was totally unaware that such mishap would occur while her stay in Melbourne which will prevent her from travelling back to Thailand. Therefore, as a migration agent, I believe my client has met all the requirements necessary to be granted a waiver of condition 8503 on her visitors visa which can make her apply for a fresh Class UB Medical Treatment visa under subclass 602 without leaving the Australian land. I request you to consider the health of my client subsequent to the attack she faced in Melbourne and grant her waiver of condition 8503 as she has legally complied with ll the conditioned required by the statutory laws stated in 41 (2) (a) of the Migration Act 1958 and Regulation 2.05 (4) of the Migration Regulation 1994. The compelling reason in the said case being the attacked she faced which was totally unexpected which made it impossible for her to travel back, thus, the compelling reason also stands beyond the control of my client. Making my client travel back just to comply with condition 8503 and going against the doctors report which suggests her to avoid travelling for 6 months can be injurious to the physical and mental health of my client. Thus, in order to apply for the Class UB Medical Treatment visa under subclass 602 on grounds of her ill health which is backed by doctors report, it is important to waiver condition 8503 attached on his clients visitors visa. Therefore, I request the Ministry to use its discretion granted to it by the Statute under section 41 of the Migration Act 1958 to accept the said written application of waiver of condition 8503 on Sukhon Chaiprasits visitors visa and grant her the said waiver in order to make her apply for Class UB Medical Treatment visa under subclass 602. The said letter stated that all the requirements to qualify for a waiver of condition 8503 are met by my client. My client has not sent any other waiver application which was previously rejected. Thus, a grant of waiver of condition 8503 will be appreciated. The doctors report and recommendations are attached to the application letter. Thank you Yours Sincerely, Registered Migration Officer in Australia In the said case, Sukhon Chaiprasit visited another migration agent who applied for a fresh visitors visa, the said application was invalid. Sukhons visitor visa had condition 8503 attached to it. Therefore, according to Regulation 2.05 of the Migration Regulation 1994, the first step to apply for any fresh substantive visa would be to write an application to the Ministry request o waive condition 8503 attached to visitors visa. Section 46 of the Migration Act 1958 states that every visa application stands invalid if the same is made when the applicant is present in the migration zone and after he arrived in Australia; his visa has a condition attached to it which waiver is requested or refused by the Ministry after requesting or the same. Thus, the fresh visitors visa application of Sukhon Chaiprasit was invalid as she failed to get condition 8503 attached on her previous visitors visa waived. When a visa holder in Australia holds bridging visa, enforcement visa or criminal justice visa, section 48 of the Migration Act 1958 prohibits the said visa holders to apply for any other visa. Thus, Sukhon Chaiprasit as a migrant in Australia was subject to 48 of the Migration Act 1958 because she was capable of presenting in front of the Immigration Ministry a valid case which shows compelling and compassionate reasons which make her eligible for grant of waiver on the condition 8503 attached on her visitors visa in order to make her apply for another fresh substantive visa base on the changed circumstances which are beyond her control[9]. Every professional service providers have a Code of Conduct which is to be followed by every individual in the said profession. Thus, the registered migration agents in Australia also have a Code of Conduct which is present in Schedule 2 of the Migration Act 1958. The major breach of code of conduct committed by the former migration officer of Sukhon Chaiprasit was his failure to apply in writing for a waiver of condition 8503 attached on her visitors visa before making a fresh application of any substantive visa[10]. This action shows that the former migration agent of Sukhon Chaiprasit had poor knowledge of immigrations laws in Australia and violated section 2.1 of the Code of Conduct for registered migration agent which states that every migration agent should act following the immigration law and with diligence to serve the best interest of his clients. The migration agent also breached section 2.5 of the Code of Conduct which stated that a migration agent in Australia is required to be updated and keep his knowledge clear about the various migration laws in Australia including its amendments. Thus, the former migration officer of Sukhon breached the said section by apply for visitors visa where Medical Treatment visa under subclass 602 would be more appropriate after grant of waiver of condition 8503. Moreover, a migration officer is always required to be honest with his client about the possibility of success of their application according to section 2.6 of the Code of Conduct, thus, the former migration agent failed to state Sukhon that her fresh visitors visa could be rejected or stands invalid. Thus, failure of the former migration agent of Sukhon Chaiprasit to advice her clearly on the options she has for extending her stay in Australia prior to her attack and injuries, makes the agent violated the said sections of Code of Conduct for migration agents in Australia. Reference List Aas, Katja Franko.The borders of punishment: migration, citizenship, and social exclusion. Oxford University Press, 2013. Code Of Conduct (Regulation 8) Second Schedule Of The Migration Act(at 1) https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_reg/mar1998287/sch2.html Code Of Conduct For Migration Agent In Australia(at 1) https://www.mara.gov.au/becoming-an-agent/professional-standards-and-obligations/code-of-conduct/ Devetak, Richard. "In fear of refugees: The politics of border protection in Australia."The International Journal of Human Rights8.1 (2014): 101-109. Goot, Murray, and Ian Watson. "Population, immigration and asylum seekers: patterns in Australian public opinion."Population2010 (2011): 11. Hollifield, James, Philip Martin, and Pia Orrenius.Controlling immigration: A global perspective. Stanford University Press, 2014. Joppke, Christian.Citizenship and immigration. Vol. 2. Polity, 2010. Migration Act 1958 In Australia(at 1) https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ma1958118/ Migration Regulations 1994 In Australia(at 1) https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_reg/mr1994227/ Phillips, Janet, and Harriet Spinks. "Immigration detention in Australia."Parliamentary Library20 (2013). Waiver Of Condition 8503(at 1) https://www.border.gov.au/about/corporate/information/fact-sheets/52b-nfc